Even though HF has a lower molecular mass compared to HCl, HF is the liquid state and HCl is the gaseous state at room temperature. Why?
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The simple answer is hydrogen bonding. Due to the electronegativity of halogen atoms in these hydrogen halides, halogen atoms acquire partial negative charge and the hydrogens have a partial charge which leads to the interaction between these two atoms and is called as hydrogen bonding.
In the above case, both chlorine and fluorine are electronegative atoms but the strengths of electronegativities are different. Fluorine is more electronegative than chlorine ,hence forming a stronger hydrogen bond.
Thus HF is a liquid and HCl is a gas.
Explanation:
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