events after the death of Genghis khan
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Originally Answered: What happened to the Mongol Empire in the years after Genghis Khan's death?
Genghis Khan died on August 18, 1227. Genghis had named his third son, Ögedei, as his heir to be the second Great Khan, or Khagan, after a bitter quarrel between his two eldest sons threatened to split the family. (both oldest sons agreed to support the third as an alternative to each other) A regency was originally held by Genghis Khan's fourth son Tolui until his brother Ögedei's formal election at the kurultai in 1229.
At that point in time the Mongol Empire held sway as a unified polity from the Pacific Ocean in the East to the Caspian Sea in the West. This domain was an empire over twice the size of Rome at its zenith, and the largest continuous land empire in history.
The Empire under Ögedei' then continued to expand, both in the East and West. The Bashkirs, Bulgars, and other kingdoms in the western steppes fell first. In 1230, the Great Khan personally led the Mongol army in the campaign against the Jin dynasty of China. The great Monol general Subutai captured the capital of Emperor Wanyan Shouxu in the siege of Kaifeng in 1232, and the Jin dynasty collapsed in 1234 after the Mongols captured Caizhou. The Mongols then turned their eyes to the Song Dynasty, which had been foolish enough to aid the Mongols against the Jin, rather than joining them against the invaders.
In the West the Mongol General Chormaqan destroyed Jalal ad-Din Mingburnu, the last shah of the Khwarizmian Empire. The small kingdoms in southern Persia voluntarily accepted Mongol supremacy, and the Mongols began to look westward to Russia.
Despite all the military triumphs, tension grew within the Mongol ranks. Batu Khan, Genghis's oldest son Jochi's son and heir, saw his ties to Güyük, Ögedei's eldest son, and Büri, the grandson of Chagatai Khan, worsen dramatically during Batu's victory banquet in southern Kievan Rus'. Only as long as Ögedei was still alive would tensions remain under control.
The Mongol army under Subutai began to advance into Europe with Mongol invasions of Poland and Hungary. An alliance of Poles, the Moravians, and the Christian military orders of the Hospitallers, Teutonic Knights and the Templars were destroyed by one wing of the Mongol army at Legnica on April 9, 1241, while 300 miles away, the Hungarian army, their Croatian allies and the Templar Knights were also crushed by another wing of the Mongols at the Sajo River on April 11, 1241. Only the Great Khan Ögedei's death prevented the Mongols from continuing on to Vienna and invading the Holy Roman Empire.
The dynastic struggles which would ultimately split the Empire had begun with Ögedei's death. His widow Töregene seized control of most of the empire. She was able to win over many of the Mongol aristocrats to support her, and Ögedei's, son Güyük, as heir. But Batu, ruler of the Golden Horde, fearing for his life because of his poor relationship with Güyük, declined to come to the kurultai, claiming that he was ill. The resulting stalemate lasted more than four years and further destabilized the unity of the empire.
Although Batu ultimately recognized Güyük as Great Khan, the cracks in the Imperial structure had begun.
Güyük died in 1248, and despite the desperate attempts of Güyük's widow Oghul Qaimish to take power, she failed, and after three years of struggle, Möngke, the son of Tolui, was elected Great Khan with Batu Khan's help. While most Mongol factions finally accepted his election, it was obvious that dynastic struggles would ultimately split the Empire.
But during Möngke's rule, the dynastic cracks were papered over, and the Empire continued to expand. The Great Khan sent his brother Hulagu south to conquer the Middle East and Africa, and to bring submission of the Caliphate. His brother Kublai was sent to China to continue the conquest of the Song.
But when Möngke died in 1259, the last Great Khan, who actually ruled the entire empire, had passed. After Möngke Khan death, rival kurultai simultaneously elected different successors, Möngke's brothers Ariq Böke and Kublai Khan. This led to the Toluid Civil War, which lasted four years. Though Kublai emerged triumphant, he also had to face challenges from descendants of the other sons of Genghis. Kublai successfully took power, but civil war ensued as he sought unsuccessfully to regain control of the Chagatayid and Ögedeid families, and the empire began to split due to wars over succession.
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Answer:
Explanation: Before Genghis Khan died he assigned Ögedei Khan as his successor. Later his grandsons split his empire into khanates. Genghis Khan died in 1227 after defeating the Western Xia. By his request, his body was buried in an unmarked grave somewhere in Mongolia.
Genghis Khan died in August 1227, during the fall of Yinchuan, which is the capital of Western Xia. The exact cause of his death remains a mystery, and is variously attributed to being killed in action against the Western Xia, illness, falling from his horse, or wounds sustained in hunting or battle.
Genghis Khan fell from his horse while hunting and died because of the injury. He was already old and tired from his journeys.
Genghis Khan left behind an army of more than 129,000 men; 28,000 were given to his various brothers and his sons. Tolui, his youngest son, inherited more than 100,000 men. This force contained the bulk of the elite Mongolian cavalry. By tradition, the youngest son inherits his father's property. Jochi, Chagatai, Ögedei Khan, and Kulan's son Gelejian received armies of 4,000 men each. His mother and the descendants of his three brothers received 3,000 men each.