Evolution of indian administration in ancient period
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Evolution of indian administration in ancient period
• In the Indian Administrative System in ancient period, different systems of administration are found to have existed at different periods.
• The earliest reference can be traced to the Indus Valley civilization.
• From excavations, scholars have come to the conclusion that government in Mohenjodaro and Harappa was systematic.
• In the Indus Valley civilization there can be found planned roads and drainage which shows that in cities there existed a municipal government which looked after the needs and made systematic arrangements for the cities.
• Moreover, the entire area covered by the civilization contained one type of house, a common system of weights and measures and a common script.
• Administration in Vedic Period:
• The Indus Valley civilization was followed by the Vedic period.
• In the Rig Vedic period administrative units were known as 'Kul,' 'Gram' and 'Vish'. Gram or the village consisted of the neighboring households.
• In the political system of the Rig Vedic period the smallest unit was the family.
• The eldest person in the family became its head.
• The village consisted of a group of families.
• The head of the village was known as 'Gramini' who acted as the administrative head.
• A group of villages was known as the 'Vish' and its head was 'Vishpati'.
• Numerous 'Vishas' constituted a 'Jan' whose key officer was known as 'Gopa'.
• This was an important office and usually the king himself became the 'Gopa'.
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