Question

exact 20 sentences about reflex arc.​

Answer 1

• Reflex arc, neurological and sensory mechanism that controls a reflex, an immediate response to a particular stimulus.
• The primary components of the reflex arc are the sensory neurons (or receptors) that receive stimulation and in turn connect to other nerve cells that activate muscle cells (or effectors), which perform the reflex action.
• The simplest arrangement of a reflex arc consists of the receptor, an interneuron (or adjustor), and an effector; together, these units form a functional group.
• Sensory cells carry input from the receptor (afferent impulses) to a central interneuron, which makes contact with a motor neuron.
• The motor neuron carries efferent impulses to the effector, which produces the response.
• Three types of neurons are involved in this reflex arc, but a two-neuron arc, in which the receptor makes contact directly with the motor neuron, also occurs.
• In a two-neuron arc, simple reflexes are prompt, short-lived, and automatic and involve only a part of the body.
• Examples of simple reflexes are the contraction of a muscle in response to stretching, the blink of the eye when the cornea is touched, and salivation at the sight of food.
• Reflexes of these types are usually involved in maintaining homeostasis.
• There are two types: autonomic reflex arc (affecting inner organs) and somatic reflex arc (affecting muscles).
• Autonomic reflexes sometimes involve the spinal cord and some somatic reflexes are mediated more by the brain than the spinal cord.
• During a somatic reflex, nerve signals travel along the following pathway.
• Somatic receptors in the skin, muscles and tendons.
• Afferent nerve fibers carry signals from the somatic receptors to the posterior horn of the spinal cord or to the brainstem.
• An integrating center, the point at which the neurons that compose the gray matter of the spinal cord or brainstem synapse.
• Efferent nerve fibers carry motor nerve signals from the anterior horn to the muscles.
• Effector muscle innervated by the efferent nerve fiber carries out the response.
• A reflex arc, then, is the pathway followed by nerves which (a.) carry sensory information from the receptor to the spinal cord, and then (b.) carry the response generated by the spinal cord to effector organs during a reflex action. The pathway taken by the nerve impulse to accomplish a reflex action is called the reflex arc.
• Reflex arc allows for faster reflex actions to occur by activating spinal motor neurons without the delay of routing signals through the brain.
• The brain will receive the sensory input while the reflex is being carried out and the analysis of the signal takes place after the reflex action.

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