Question

Examine the composition and structure of urban local self government?

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Answer 1

Like Panchayati Raj at rural areas, local bodies exist for urban areas as well.

(i) Municipal Corporations. Big cities have municipal corporations. It is the top most urban local government.
=> The corporation comprises members called councillors. These councillors are elected on adult franchise.
=> The political head of the municipal corporation is known as Mayor.
Its main functions are :
=> Supply of wholesome water
=> Supply of electricity
=> Road transport services,
=> Establishment of hospitals maternity and Child welfare centres etc.
=> It has also the discretionary functions like
• Construction of public parks
• Gardens
• Libraries
• Public housing
• Registration of marriages
• Surveys of buildings and lands etc.
(ii) Municipalities. Municipalities are set up in towns. They are controlled by elected bodies consisting of people’s representatives. Municipal Chairperson is the political head of the municipality.
=> Thefunctionsofamunicipalityandof a municipal corporation are more or less identical.
The urban local bodies get various type of grants from the state and central governments.

Answer 2

Answer: Urban Local self-government is the governance of an urban area. The constitutional status of urban local bodies is provided in the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992.

Explanation:

The 74th Amendment Act of 1992, provided the composition and structure of the urban self-local government. The Act added part IX-A to the constitution, which contains 18 functional items for Municipalities.  

Three divisions of the municipalities-

• Nagar Panchayats- Transitional areas
• Municipal council- Small urban areas
• Municipal corporation- Large urban areas

Reservation is in a proportion of the population of the Schedule class and Schedule tribes.

The persons of the municipal bodies choose by the direct election of the territorial constituencies. The manner of the election of the municipalities provided by the state legislature. The term of the municipalities is five years, out of which for one year, women get a chance to become Mayor, and for the other one year, a seat is reserved for the councilor of the scheduled class.

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