Examine the contributions of Otto von Bismarck and Mazzini.
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Otto von Bismarck, was the architect of the process of unification who carried out the process with the help of the Prussian army and bureaucracy. a. Bismarck helped in instilling a sense of nationalism among the masses.
Giuseppe Mazzini was an Italian revolutionary in 19th century Europe. His contributions were:
Mazzini was an Italian revolutionary who later became a member of the secret society of the Carbonari.
At a young age of 24 in 1831, he was exiled for attempting a revolution in Liguria.
To further spread the revolutionary ideas, he founded two more underground societies- ‘Young Italy’ in Marseilles and ‘Young Europe’ in Berne, whose members were like-minded young men from Poland, France, Italy and the German states.
Mazzini believed that God had created nations to be the natural units of mankind. Thus, Italy cannot remain divided into various kingdoms. It has to be a single unified republic.
Following his example, secret societies were set up in Germany, France, Switzerland and Poland. Mazzini’s opposition to monarchy and his vision of democratic republics scared the conservatives. Metternich described him as ‘the most dangerous enemy of our social order’.
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Born 1815, died 1898. President of Prussia and unified all German states to form modern day Germany, Known as the 'Iron Chancellor' for his blood and iron approach. Ruled by Bismarck and was one of the many Germanic states. Bismarck used his blood and iron ideology to form this country as a modern day 'super power'.