Examine the incidence preceding the outbreak of the French Revolution
Answers
Cultural: The Enlightenment philosophy desacralized the authority of the monarchy and the Catholic Church, and promoted a new society based on reason instead of traditions.Social: The emergence of an influential bourgeoisie which was formally part of the Third Estate (commoners) but had evolved into a caste with its own agenda and aspired to political equality with the clergy (First Estate) and the aristocracy (Second Estate).Financial: France's debt, aggravated by French involvement in the American Revolution, led Louis XVI to implement new taxations and to reduce privileges.Political: Louis XVI faced strong opposition from provincial parlements which were the spearheads of the privileged classes' resistance to royal reforms.Economic: The deregulation of the grain market, advocated by liberal economists, resulted in an increase in bread prices. In periods of bad harvests, it would lead to food scarcity which would prompt the masses to revolt.
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Answer:
• social causes:- ☆ Inequality
☆ Discrimination
• Economic causes:- ☆ heavy taxation
☆ large scale spending
on wars
☆ steep raise in
unemployment
☆ poverty
• Political causes:- ☆ Inequality of king Louis
XVI (16)
• immediate causes:- ☆subsistence crisis
Explanation:
• Social causes:-
Clergy ------- 1 estate
I
Nobility --------- 2 estate
I
Big businessman , merchant
Court , official , lawyers e.t.c ---- 3 estate
I
Peasants and artisans ----- 3 estate
I
Small peasants , landless labour
Servants ------ 3 estate
☆ Inequality
- clergy and nobility the 1 and 2 estate enjoyed certain privileges by birth
- they will not pay any tax but the 3 estate have to pay
☆ Discrimination
- the clergy and nobility will not get any punish if they commit any mistakes or crime and gets a confession letter from church
• economic causes:-
This poor fellow bring everything from the home ( grain, fruit e.t.c ) and sit near fat land lord and they do not carry any thing to home
☆ heavy taxation
- they lead a difficult life
- the 1 and 2 estate imposed more tax on 3estate
- with this problem middle rich become middle man ,and middle class people become poor ( because of tax is 80 if earning is 100 )
☆ large scale spending on war
- they added billion livers to a debt that had already risen to more 2 billion livers
- now,began to charge 10percent interest on loans
- so, the French government spended an increasing percentage of its budget on interest payments
- therefore the maintaince of the court , government officials and army was very difficult and it forced to raise taxes
• immediate causes:-
☆ subsistence crisis
- the population of France increased from about 23 million in1715 to 28 million in 1789
- the increase in population demand for food grains and the price of the bread which is a staple diet for many people
- most people were unable to buy food grains as people were employed as labourses in workshops their was fixed wages by the owners the wages did not keep pace with the rises in prices
- this period witnessed the increasing gap between the rich and the poor
- it is known as subsistence crisis
• political causes:-
☆ in efficiency of king Louis XVI
- king Louis XVI is well educated person but trapped with the beauty of queen Mair Antoinette
- the 1 and 2 estate pleaded the queen and get benefits
- queen was least border about the problem of 3 estate people