examine the process of urbanization and state formation in bronze age
Answers
Answer:
The Bronze Age is a prehistoric period that was characterized by the use of bronze, in some areas proto-writing, and other early features of urban civilization. The Bronze Age is the second principal period of the three-age Stone-Bronze-Iron system, as proposed in modern times by Christian Jürgensen Thomsen, for classifying and studying ancient societies.
Bust from the Harappan civilization, one of the earliest civilizations of the Bronze Age
For other uses, see Bronze Age (disambiguation).
An ancient civilization is defined to be in the Bronze Age either by producing bronze by smelting its own copper and alloying with tin, arsenic, or other metals, or by trading for bronze from production areas elsewhere. Bronze is harder and more durable than other metals available at the time, allowing Bronze Age civilizations to gain a technological advantage.
While terrestrial iron is naturally abundant, its high melting point of 1538°C (2800°F) placed it out of reach of common use until the end of the second millennium BC. Tin's low melting point of 231.9°C (449.4°F) and copper's relatively moderate melting point of 1,085°C (1,985°F) placed them within the capabilities of the Neolithic pottery kilns, which date back to 6,000 BC and were able to produce temperatures greater than 900°C (1,652°F).[1] Copper/tin ores are rare, as reflected in the fact that there were no tin bronzes in Western Asia, before trading in bronze began in the third millennium BC. Worldwide, the Bronze Age generally followed the Neolithic period, with the Chalcolithic serving as a transition.
Bronze Age cultures differed in their development of the first writing. According to archaeological evidence, cultures in Mesopotamia (cuneiform script) and Egypt (hieroglyphs) developed the earliest practical writing systems.
Answer:
The very first cities were founded in Mesopotamia after the Neolithic Revolution, around 7500 BCE.
Agriculture is believed to be a pre-requisite for cities, which help preserve surplus production and create economies of scale.
Cities reduced transport costs for goods, people, and ideas by bringing them all together in one spot.
Key Terms
Old World: The known world before the discovery of the Americas.
Neolithic Revolution: The Neolithic Revolution or Neolithic Demographic Transition, sometimes called the Agricultural Revolution, was the world’s first historically verifiable revolution in agriculture.
urbanism: the study of cities, their geographic, economic, political, social, and cultural environment