Question

Examine the role of national integration in building a democractic country

Answer 1

Several political, economic and social factors singly and collectively impact on national development. The process can involve rapid transformations as well as resistance to change. The role of the media is crucial and ranges from promoting national identity   and cohesion to galvanizing the resolve of peoples in achieving progress and development as well as meeting contemporary challenges. The downside is that the media can become the instrument of state propaganda. The media in Pakistan, in the sixty years of the country’s existence as a sovereign and independent state, rendered service in the varied aspects of national endeavour. The twenty-first century poses new challenges and opportunities in which the role of the media will be of fundamental importance.  Editor ).

States can be developed and built by deliberate human actions. Nations evolve almost always through a kaleidoscopic, spontaneous, multi-layered natural process, not subject to human will alone, except in some rare cases. The distinction is necessary at the outset as we proceed to examine how man-made factors such as media and others can influence the process of national as well as state development.

Factors that will impact upon national development in the 21st century include geo-political, economic, technological, social and cultural conditions of intense, rapid change as well as resistance to change. Climate change may devastate whole eco-systems so badly that nations too could be destabilized at their cores.

The physical frontiers and the communication frontiers of nation-states are likely to be in sharp contrast even as they sometimes converge.  As individualized electronic linkages e.g., wireless internet over cell phones, and other choices proliferate, media and nations and citizens may assume new shared roles.

Before we speculate about the role of media in national development in the 21st century, let us recall the role of media in a similar context in previous times.

Far more than in earlier centuries, with print media and books, it was in the 20th century that modern mass media acquired a pervasive political presence. Media played a significant role in national affairs and in national development across the world regardless of the specific type of nation and state they were located in.

Nation-states may be categorized according to their levels of evolution as nations and as states and as per their levels of economic development and military power.  It is not intended here to name each country in each such category but only to indicate broad categories of nation-states whose descriptive titles changed over time as a result of global political transformation.

In the 19th and 20th centuries, nations and nation-states could be described as belonging to any one, or more of the following descriptions:

Colonizing nations e.g. Britain, France, Germany, Portugal, Spain, Italy.

Colonized nations e.g. most of South Asia, Africa, Latin America.

Non-colonizing nations e.g. Switzerland, Finland.

Non-colonized nations e.g. Thailand, Nepal.

During the two World Wars of the 20thcentury, there were the Allied Powers and their adversaries known as the Axis Powers.

In the era that began after the 2nd World War, the levels of economic development and institutional stability divided nations and states into the First World e.g. the U.S.A. and Canada; into the Second World e.g. major Communist and Socialist states  and the Third World e.g. Kenya, Pakistan, Bolivia.

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