Question

Examine the three economic and two social consequences of migration in india

Answer 1

Consequences of migration

Migration affects both the area of origin of migration and the areas of destination of the migrant population. The consequences of migration can be defined as.

1. Demographic consequences: Migration changes the characteristics of the population in regions of out migration and regions of in- migration. It changes age and sex composition of population with rate of growth of population. The proportion of old, children and females increases due to out- migration in source region. The high sex ratio is found in the source areas because mostly the youthful male population is involved in migration. Consequently, these areas are depleted of the youth population and results in lowered rates of births and lower population growth rates.

2. Social consequences: Migration results in intermixing of diverse cultures and leads to the evolution of composite culture. It breaks the narrow thoughts and widens the mental horizon of the people. In history, India received migrants from different cultural groups causing different cultures but sometimes migration creates social vacuum and sense of dejection among individuals and people fall in crimes and drug abuse (Khullar, 2014) [4].

4. Environmental consequences: Large scale movement of people from rural to urban areas causes overcrowding in cities and puts heavy pressure on resources. It causes haphazard growth of cities and causes slums lacking basic infrastructural facilities such as safe drinking water, electricity, sewage etc. Overcrowding is also responsible for any environmental problems of air, water, land and noise pollution, disposable and management of solid wastes.

5. Other consequences: Migration enhances remittances to the source region but causes heavy loss to human resource, in terms of skilled labour. Leg- behind women enjoy empowerment effects with increased interaction in society including their partnership as workers and decision making of households.