Question

Example of a short story of the phases of the cell and its checkpoints.

Answer 1

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Cell-cycle checkpoints prevent the transmission of genetic errors to daughter cells.

There exist three major cell-cycle checkpoints:

$\purple\Rightarrow$The G1 checkpoint

$\purple\Rightarrow$The G2 checkpoint

$\purple\Rightarrow$And the spindle assembly checkpointcheckpoint.

The $G_{1}$checkpoint is the main decision point for a cell – that is, the primary point at which it must choose whether or not to divide.

To make sure that cell division goes smoothly (produces healthy daughter cells with complete, undamaged DNA), the cell has an additional checkpoint before M phase, called the $G_{2}$ checkpoint.

The M checkpoint is also known as the spindle checkpoint. Here, the cell examines whether all the sister chromatids are correctly attached to the spindle microtubules.

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Answer 2

The stages of the cell cycle of eukaryotic cells, or cells with a nucleus, are separated into two major phases: interphase and mitotic (M) phase. During interphase, the cell divides and duplicates its DNA.

There are three phases in the interphase:

• G1 is the first stage. The cell becomes physically bigger, duplicates organelles, and creates the chemical building blocks it will require in following phases during G1, also known as the first gap phase.

• This is the S phase. The cell synthesises a full copy of DNA in its nucleus during S phase. It also copies the centrosome, a microtubule-organizing structure. During M phase, centrosomes assist in the separation of DNA

• G2 is the second phase. The cell grows more, produces proteins and organelles, and begins to restructure its contents in preparation for mitosis during the second gap phase, or G2. Mitosis marks the conclusion of the G2 phase.

They are checkpoints that occur before a cell enters mitosis, or cell division. If a cell fails to fulfill a certain condition at a specific check point, it enters the G0 (zero) phase.

The organised series of events that occur in a cell in preparation for cell division is known as the cell cycle. The cell cycle is a four-stage process in which a cell grows (gap 1, or G1), replicates its DNA (synthesis, or S), prepares to divide (gap 2, or G2), and divides (gap 3, or G3) (mitosis, or M, stage). Interphase is made up of the phases G1, S, and G2, and it accounts for the time between cell divisions. A cell "decides" whether to join the cell cycle and divide based on the stimulatory and inhibitory impulses it receives.