Excerpt from A Screamingly Good Science Lesson Elizabeth Kibler 2Think about the first part of a roller coaster ride: A machine slowly pulls the cart higher and higher on a hill on the track. As the cart gets higher, it gains potential energy. Objects gain potential energy by being lifted farther from the ground. Potential energy is stored energy. The higher an object is from the ground, the more potential energy it has. 3When the cart reaches the top of the first hill, not only are riders’ stomachs screaming for mercy, but also the cart is at its maximum potential energy. Without warning, the energy-loaded cart begins to descend the first hill. As the cart careens down the hill, it has kinetic energy. Kinetic energy is different from potential energy. Kinetic energy is the energy of motion. All objects in motion have this energy. The kinetic energy propels that cart down the hill. Eventually, the cart will fight the forces of gravity and travel up another hill. On this uphill journey, the cart again begins to gain potential energy. The cart switched from potential energy, to kinetic energy, and back again. Therefore, a roller coaster ride is just the converting of kinetic energy and potential energy. 4After the first collection of potential energy, the cart does not use ropes, pulleys, or an engine. The cart, its wheels, and the laws of science are the only things that keep carts rolling firmly down the track. The air brakes on modern roller coasters bring the cart to a safe and smooth stop. If, however, a roller coaster had no brakes, it would ultimately stop on its own. The friction between the wheels and track and the friction between the cart and the air would eventually make a coaster stop. Think about a super ball. Although it gains potential energy every time it goes up, it eventually stops bouncing. In much the same way, the roller coaster cart would cease to move.
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This excerpt is taken from the famous story called A Screamingly Good Science written by the excellent Elizabeth Kibler.
Explanation:
- In paragraph 5, repeatedly is the synonym for the word continuously.
- In paragraph 1, the correct answer is to turn which is the meaning of the word veer.
- A super ball halts from bouncing due to loss of energy as a result of friction.
- The details in the passage are organized according to logical order.
- In paragraph 3, the word propels has a meaning called pushes.
- The word careen in paragraph 3 has a synonym called speed.
- According to the author, the cartwheel faces friction due to which it stops from running.
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