Question

exolain the principle of laser working

Answer 1

Answer:

Basic principle of laser :: To explain the process of light amplification in a leser requires an understanding of the energy transition phenomena in the atom of its active medium. they include :spontaneous emission , stimulated emission/ absorption and non- radiative decay.

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Answer 2

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Principles of working of a laser

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In lasers, photons are interacted in three ways with the atoms:

• Absorption of radiation
• Spontaneous emission
• Stimulated emission

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Absorption of radiation

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Absorption of radiation is the process by which electrons in the ground state absorbs energy from photons to jump into the higher energy level.

The electrons orbiting very close to the nucleus are at the lower energy level or lower energy state whereas the electrons orbiting farther away from the nucleus are at the higher energy level. The electrons in the lower energy level need some extra energy to jump into the higher energy level. This extra energy is provided from various energy sources such as heat, electric field, or light.

Let us consider two energy levels (E1 and E2) of electrons. E1 is the ground state or lower energy state of electrons and E2 is the excited state or higher energy state of electrons. The electrons in the ground state are called lower energy electrons or ground state electrons whereas the electrons in the excited state are called higher energy electrons or excited electrons