Question

Expand ELISA. On what principle is ELISA test based? List two ways by which on infection can be detected by this test.​

Answer 1

Answer:

ELISA- Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay

Explanation:

ELISA is based on the principle that specific antibodies bind to their target antigen i.e it is based on the principle of antigen-antibody interaction. Only when the interaction occurs the substrate will be able to bind to the enzyme and substrate conversion will be seen, thus giving a positive result.

Two ways by which the infection can be detected by this method are -

i) Direct ELISA: in which the sample is first added and then the enzyme-conjugated antibody is added. If an interaction occurs reaction will be seen on substrate addition.

ii) sandwich ELISA- in which the sample is sandwiched between two layers of antibodies and if interaction occurs substrate reaction will be seen on addition of a conjugated antibody and substrate.HIV and rotavirus infection can be detected by this technique.