Question

experimental determination of the speed of light

Answer 1

Fizeau–Foucault apparatus is a term sometimes used to refer to two types of instrument historically used to measure thespeed of light. The conflation of the two instrument types arises in part becauseHippolyte Fizeau and Léon Foucault had originally been friends and collaborators. They worked together on such projects as using theDaguerreotype process to take images of the Sun between 1843 and 1845[1] and characterizing absorption bands in the infrared spectrum of sunlight in 1847.[2]

In 1834, Charles Wheatstone developed a method of using a rapidly rotating mirror to study transient phenomena, and applied this method to measure the velocity of electricity in a wire and the duration of an electric spark.[3] He communicated to François Arago the idea that his method could be adapted to a study of the speed of light. Arago expanded upon Wheatstone's concept in an 1838 publication, emphasizing the possibility that a test of the relative speed of light in air versuswater could be used to distinguish between the particle and wave theories of light.

Answer 2

Answer:

Fizeau's experiment was later modified by French physicist Jean Léon Foucault (1819-1868), who replaced the toothed wheel with a rotating mirror. With this new arrangement Foucault determined the speed of light to be 298,000 km/s, much closer to today's accepted value.

Explanation:

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