explain 3-separation of power 4-fundamental Rights 5-secularism
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The Key Features of the Indian Constitution
After independence, it was unanimously felt that India should be a democratic state where everyone has equal opportunities.
To achieve this, there was a need for a constitution which could ensure a perfect democracy. A group of around three hundred people became members of the Constituent Assembly in 1946, and met periodically for three years to write the Indian constitution.
There were many factors, most of them quite contrary to each other, to be included in the constitution with clear cut explanations, and that made the task very difficult. But the first version of India's constitution was finalised and signed off by 1950, and it had a lot of unique features.
The constitution plays a crucial (very important) role in laying out the ideals that the citizens of the country and the elected representatives who run the government would all like to follow.
Federalism
Federalism is a prime feature of the Indian constitution, and it refers to the existence of more than one level of government in the country. The constitution clearly defines the limits of powers at each stage. In India, there are governments at the state and the centre, and Panchayati Raj is the third tier of the government.
While each stage in India enjoys autonomy in exercising power on certain issues, they are all bound to follow the laws of the central government in matters of national concern.
Parliamentary Form of Government
It is the other feature of Indian Constitution which provides that the different tiers of government shall constitute of the representatives elected by the people. It also guarantees universal adult suffrage (right to vote) for all citizens.
Separation of Powers
The constitution of India recommends three organs of the state - The legislature, the executive, and the judiciary.
The legislature refers to our elected representatives whereas the executive refers to a small group of people who are responsible for implementing laws and running the government. The judiciary refers to the system of courts in the country to stop the misuse of power by any branch of the country. It also ensures the balance of power between all the three organs of the government.
Fundamental Rights
The feature of fundamental rights is the ‘conscience’ of the Indian constitution. These rights protect citizens against the arbitrary and absolute exercise of power by the government as well as against other individuals.
Right to Equality
This means that all persons shall be equally protected by the laws of the country, and the state cannot discriminate against anyone in matters of employment.
Right to Freedom
This includes the right to freedom of speech and expression, the right to form associations, the right to move freely and reside in any part of the country, and the right to practise any profession, occupation, or business.
Right Against Exploitation
The constitution prohibits trafficking, forced labour, and children under 14 years of age working.
Right to Freedom of Religion
Every Indian has the right to practise, profess, and propagate the religion of his or her choice.
Cultural and Educational Rights
The constitution states that all minorities, religious or linguistic, can set up educational institutions in order to preserve and develop their own cultures.
Right to Constitutional Remedies
This allows citizens to move the court if they believe that any of their fundamental rights have been violated by the state.
Directive Principles of State Policy
The Indian constitution includes directive principles of state policy which ensure greater social and economic reform, and guide Indians in making special laws and policies that reduce the poverty of Indians.
Secularism
It is a key feature of the Indian constitution, and defines a secular state as one in which the state does not officially promote any one religion as the country's official religion.
Answer:
Separation of Powers: According to the Constitution there are three organs of the state. These are the legislature, the executive and the judiciary. The legislature refers to our elected representatives. The executive is a smaller group of people who are responsible for implementing laws and running the government. The judiciary refers to the system of courts in this country. In order to prevent the misuse of power by any one branch of the State the Constitution says that each of these organs should exercise different powers. Through this, each organs acts as a check on the other organ of the State and this ensures the balance of power between all three. Fundamental Rights: Fundamental Rights play an important role in the all around development of the citizens of a country. These rights protect citizens against the arbitrary and absolute exercise of power by the State. The Constitution guarantees the rights of individuals against the state as well as against other individuals. Parliamentary Form of Government: The Constitution of India guarantees universal adult franchise for all citizens. It means that the people of India have a direct role in electing their representatives. Not only this, every citizens of the country, irrespective of his or her social background, can also contest elections. These representatives are accountable to the people.