explain about alluvial soil
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Alluvial Soils
Alluvial soils are formed mainly due to silt deposited by Indo-Gangetic-Brahmaputra rivers. In coastal regions some alluvial deposits are formed due to wave action.Rocks of the Himalayas form the parent material. Thus the parent material of these soils is of transported origin.They are the largest soil group covering about 15 lakh sq km or about 6 per cent of the total area.They support more than 40% of the India’s population by providing the most productive agricultural lands.
Characteristics of Alluvial Soils
They are immature and have weak profiles due to their recent origin.Most of the soil is Sandy and clayey soils are not uncommon.Pebbly and gravelly soils are rare. Kankar (calcareous concretions) beds are present in some regions along the river terraces.The soil is porous because of its loamy (equal proportion of sand and clay) nature.Porosity and texture provide good drainage and other conditions favorable for agriculture.These soils are constantly replenished by the recurrent floods.
Chemical properties of Alluvial Soils
The proportion of nitrogen is generally low.The proportion of Potash, phosphoric acid and alkalies are adequateThe proportion of Iron oxide and lime vary within a wide range.
Distribution of Alluvial Soils in India
They occur all along the Indo-Gangetic-Brahmaputra plains except in few places where the top layer is covered by desert sand.They also occur in deltas of the Mahanadi, the Godavari, the Krishna and the Cauvery, where they are called deltaic alluvium (coastal alluvium)Some alluvial soils are found in the Narmada, Tapi valleys and Northern parts of Gujarat.
Crops in Alluvial Soils
They are mostly flat and regular soils and are best suited for agriculture.They are best suited to irrigation and respond well to canal and well/tube-well irrigation.They yield splendid crops of rice, wheat, sugarcane, tobacco, cotton, jute, maize, oilseeds, vegetables and fruits.
Alluvial soils are formed mainly due to silt deposited by Indo-Gangetic-Brahmaputra rivers. In coastal regions some alluvial deposits are formed due to wave action.Rocks of the Himalayas form the parent material. Thus the parent material of these soils is of transported origin.They are the largest soil group covering about 15 lakh sq km or about 6 per cent of the total area.They support more than 40% of the India’s population by providing the most productive agricultural lands.
Characteristics of Alluvial Soils
They are immature and have weak profiles due to their recent origin.Most of the soil is Sandy and clayey soils are not uncommon.Pebbly and gravelly soils are rare. Kankar (calcareous concretions) beds are present in some regions along the river terraces.The soil is porous because of its loamy (equal proportion of sand and clay) nature.Porosity and texture provide good drainage and other conditions favorable for agriculture.These soils are constantly replenished by the recurrent floods.
Chemical properties of Alluvial Soils
The proportion of nitrogen is generally low.The proportion of Potash, phosphoric acid and alkalies are adequateThe proportion of Iron oxide and lime vary within a wide range.
Distribution of Alluvial Soils in India
They occur all along the Indo-Gangetic-Brahmaputra plains except in few places where the top layer is covered by desert sand.They also occur in deltas of the Mahanadi, the Godavari, the Krishna and the Cauvery, where they are called deltaic alluvium (coastal alluvium)Some alluvial soils are found in the Narmada, Tapi valleys and Northern parts of Gujarat.
Crops in Alluvial Soils
They are mostly flat and regular soils and are best suited for agriculture.They are best suited to irrigation and respond well to canal and well/tube-well irrigation.They yield splendid crops of rice, wheat, sugarcane, tobacco, cotton, jute, maize, oilseeds, vegetables and fruits.
inder13:
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Origin :-
These soils originate from transported alluvium brought by rivers.
Characterstics :-
1.These ate transported type soils.
2.These soils are coaesest in the upper section of the valley, medium in the middle and finest in the delta region.
Composition :-
They are mostly light to dark in colour depending on new or old alluvium.They are rich in potash, humus and lime but deficient in phosphorous and nitrogen.
They are very fertile and respond well to irrigation and manuring.They are very good for both rabi and kharif crops.
Areas :-
North India : Found in Punjab,Haryana,Utter Pradesh,Bihar,West Bengal and Assam.
South India : Parts of Odisha and other regions.
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These soils originate from transported alluvium brought by rivers.
Characterstics :-
1.These ate transported type soils.
2.These soils are coaesest in the upper section of the valley, medium in the middle and finest in the delta region.
Composition :-
They are mostly light to dark in colour depending on new or old alluvium.They are rich in potash, humus and lime but deficient in phosphorous and nitrogen.
They are very fertile and respond well to irrigation and manuring.They are very good for both rabi and kharif crops.
Areas :-
North India : Found in Punjab,Haryana,Utter Pradesh,Bihar,West Bengal and Assam.
South India : Parts of Odisha and other regions.
Please mark as brainliest if it helps you....
thank you . You helped me a lot
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