Question

Explain about carbon cycling and storage


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Answer 1

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Carbon Cycle

Carbon is a fundamental building block of life; life on Earth is comprised of carbon-based life forms. Carbon also cycles through the oceans and the biosphere over both short and long-term time scales. The geological carbon cycle takes place over hundreds of millions of years and involves the cycling of carbon through the various layers of the Earth. The biological/physical carbon cycle occurs over days, weeks, months, and years and involves the absorption, conversion, and respiration of carbon by living organisms.

Cycling and Storage

Within the oceans, a large amount of organic carbon sinks to the ocean floor to be buried into the crust of the earth. In plants and animals – known as consumers – carbon dioxide reenters the air through respiration, as food molecules are broken down for energy and CO2 gas and other byproducts are emitted.

The carbon that is absorbed from the atmosphere by plants and animals can take several paths before reentering the air as carbon dioxide. When a plant dies, it is broken down by microorganisms – called decomposers – that feed on the dead organic matter. As the microorganisms consume the plant matter, they release some of the plant’s carbon into the atmosphere in the form of CO2, although some is destined for longer-term storage in trunks and branches of trees and in the bodies of plant-eating animals or carnivorous animals that eat plant-eating animals. These animals then return more of the carbon to the atmosphere as CO2 through respiration, although some will be stored within their bodies until they die and decompose in the soil. Finally, there will be carbon that remains stored in organic matter that does not decompose.

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