History, asked by chintan10, 10 months ago

explain about Jallianwala Bagh massacre​

Answers

Answered by kirantiwari938
1

Explanation:

The Jallianwala Bagh massacre, also known as the Amritsar massacre, took place on 13 April 1919 when Acting Brigadier-General Reginald Dyer ordered troops of the British Indian Army to fire their rifles into a crowd of unarmed civilians in Jallianwala Bagh, Amritsar, Punjab, killing at least 400, including 41 children, one only six weeks old. Over 1,000 were injured.

Jallianwala Bagh massacre

Image of narrow passage between tall walls which leads to the entrance of Jallianwala Bagh

Narrow passage to the entrance of Jallianwala Bagh Garden where the massacre occurred

Jallianwala Bagh massacre is located in PunjabJallianwala Bagh massacre

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Location of Amritsar in India

Location

Amritsar, Punjab, British India

Coordinates

31°37′13.87″N 74°52′49.55″E

Date

13 April 1919; 100 years ago

17:37 (IST)

Target

Crowd of nonviolent protesters, along with Baisakhi pilgrims, who had gathered in Jallianwala Bagh, Amritsar

Attack type

Massacre

Weapons

Lee-Enfield rifles

Deaths

379-1,600[citation needed][1]

Injuries

~ 1,115

Perpetrators

Riflemen of the 2nd/9th Gurkha Rifles, the 54th Sikhs and the 59th Sind Rifles, British India Army

No. of participants

50

The Jallianwalla Bagh is a public garden of 6 to 7 acres (2.8 ha), walled on all sides, with only five entrances.[2] Dyer blocked the main exits, and the troops continue to fire into the fleeing civilians until their ammunition was almost exhausted. He later declared his purpose was not to dispel the rally, but to "punish the Indians".[3] He did not stay to count the dead, much less offer aid, and his curfew condemned many of the wounded to die overnight where they lay.

On Sunday, 13 April 1919, Dyer, convinced a major insurrection could take place, banned all meetings. This notice was not widely disseminated, and many villagers gathered in the Bagh to celebrate the important Sikh festival of Baisakhi, and peacefully protest the arrest and deportation of two national leaders, Satyapal and Saifuddin Kitchlew. Dyer and his troops entered the garden, blocking the main entrance behind them, took up position on a raised bank, and with no warning opened fire on the crowd for about ten minutes, directing their bullets largely towards the few open gates through which people were trying to flee, until the ammunition supply was almost exhausted. The following day Dyer stated in a report that "I hear that between 200 and 300 of the crowd were killed. My party fired 1,650 rounds".[4][5]

The Hunter Commission report published the following year by the Government of India criticised both Dyer and the Government of the Punjab for failing to compile a casualty count, and quoted a figure offered by the Sewa Samati (a Social Services Society) of 379 identified dead,[6] and approximately

1,100 wounded, of which 192 were seriously injured.[7][8] The casualty number estimated by the Indian National Congress was more than 1,500 injured, with approximately 1,000 dead

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Answered by thakuranand113
2

Answer:

Explanation:

The Non-cooperation movement was launched on 1 August 1920 by Mahatma Gandhi with the aim of self-governance and obtaining full independence as the Indian National Congress withdrew its support for British reforms following the Rowlatt Act of March 1919, and the Jallianwala Bagh massacre of April 1919.

The Rowlatt Act in March 1919, suspended the rights of defendants in sedition trials,was seen as a "political awakening" by Indians and as a "threat" by the British. Although it was never invoked and declared void just a few years later, the Act motivated Gandhi to conceive the idea of satyagraha (truth), which he saw as synonymous with independence. This idea was also authorised the following month by Jawaharlal Nehru, for who the massacre also endorsed “the conviction that nothing short of independence was acceptable”.

Gandhi's planning of the non-cooperation movement included persuading all Indians to withdraw their labour from any activity that "sustained the British government and economy in India",including British industries and educational institutions. In addition to promoting “self-reliance” by spinning khadi, buying Indian made goods only and doing away with English clothes, Gandhi ‘s non-cooperation movement called for the restoration of the Khilafat in Turkey and the end to untouchability. The resulting public held meetings and strikes (hartals) led to the first arrests of both Jawaharlal Nehru and his father, Motilal Nehru, on 6 December 1921.

It was one of the movements for Indian independence from British rule and ended, as Nehru described in his autobiography, "suddenly" in February 1922 after the Chauri Chaura incident. Subsequent independence movements were the Civil Disobedience Movement and the Quit India Movement.

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