explain about kinetic energy ...
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Kinetic energy, form of energy that an object or a particle has by reason of its motion. If work, which transfers energy, is done on an object by applying a net force, the object speeds up and thereby gains kinetic energy. Kinetic energy is a property of a moving object or particle and depends not only on its motion but also on its mass. The kind of motion may be translation (or motion along a path from one place to another), rotation about an axis, vibration
Kinetic Energy Explanation : -
To accelerate an object we have to apply force. To apply force, we need to do work. When work is done on an object, energy is transferred and the object moves with a new constant speed. The energy that is transferred is known as kinetic energy and it depends on the mass and speed achieved.
The definition of kinetic energy in Physics :-
“Kinetic energy of an object is the measure of the work an object can do by the virtue of its motion.”
Kinetic energy is a scalar quantity. Kinetic energy is completely described by magnitude alone.
Kinetic Energy Transformation :-
Kinetic energy is transferred between objects and can be transformed into other forms of energy. Yo-Yo is a great example to describe the transformation of kinetic energy. While beginning to play with it, one starts by letting it rest in the hand, at this point, all the energy is stored in the ball in the form of potential energy. Once the person drops the yo-yo the stored energy is transformed into kinetic energy, which is the energy of movement. Once the ball reaches the very bottom of the yo-yo all the energy is converted to kinetic energy. As it moves back to the hand, all the energy is once again converted to potential energy.
Units of Kinetic Energy : -
❥︎The SI unit of kinetic energy is Joule which is equal to 1 kg.m2.s-2.
❥︎The CGS unit of kinetic energy is erg.
Measuring Kinetic Energy : -
The kinetic energy equation is given as follows:
\(KE=\frac{1}{2}mv^{2}\)
where, KE is the kinetic energy, m is the mass of the body and v is the velocity of the body, m is a scalar quantity and v is a vector quantity. In the expression, we see that velocity or v is squared. We know that the square of a vector quantity is a scalar. Therefore, kinetic energy is a scalar quantity.
Deriving Kinetic Energy Equation : -
Kinetic energy equation can be obtained by the basic process of computing the work (W) that is done by a force (F). If the body of mass m was pushed for a distance of d on a surface by applying a force that’s parallel to it, then the work done would be:
\(W=F.d=m.a.d\)
The acceleration in this equation can be substituted by the initial (vi) and final (vf) velocity and the distance. This we get from the kinematic equations of motion.
\(W=m.a.d\\ \\ =m.d.\frac{v_{f}^{2}-v_{i}^{2}}{2d}\\ \\ =m.\frac{v_{f}^{2}-v_{i}^{2}}{2d}\\ \\ =\frac{1}{2}.m.v_{f}^{2}-\frac{1}{2}.m.v_{i}^{2}\)
Simplifying the equation further, we get
\(K.E=\frac{1}{2}mv^{2}\)
Alternately, one can say that the total work that is done on a system is equivalent to the change in kinetic energy. This statement is equated as follows:
\(W_{net}=\Delta K\)
This equation is known as the work-energy theorem and has large applications even if the forces applied to vary in magnitude and direction.
Examples of Kinetic Energy : -
❥︎A truck travelling down the road has more kinetic energy than a car travelling at the same speed because the truck’s mass is much more than the car’s.
❥︎A river flowing at a certain speed comprises kinetic energy as water has certain velocity and mass.
❥︎The kinetic energy of an asteroid falling towards earth is very large.
❥︎The kinetic energy of the aeroplane is more during the flight due to large mass and speedy velocity.