Explain about population problem in india.
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1. Rapid Growth of Population:
We know that in spite of many attempts to check population growth, the birth rate is still high (annual exponential growth rate is 1.64 per cent as per 2011 census), but the death rate has been checked because of the development and extension of medical facilities.
Family planning is not practised sincerely on a large scale, especially in rural areas. This situation has resulted into large proportion of youth (15-24 years, 2%) along with the aged (32% in 2011) who are dependent on relatively small workforce of the population.
This large proportion of young population puts great pressure on the available medical, educational and other social amenities. It is estimated that due to the rapid population growth, 25 million people are homeless and 171 million people have no access to safe drinking water.
2. Disproportionate Gender Composition:
According to Census 2011, national sex ratio (females per 1,000 males) is 940. Most countries in the world have more women than men. But India and some South Asian and East Asian countries differ. Female mortality is higher in these nations.
This has resulted in there being more men than women in India and the sex ratio is lower than 1,000, except in two states—Kerala (1,084) and Pondicherry (1,083). India is one of the few countries where the child sex ratio between age of 0-6 has been declining.
The falling child sex ratio is the result of two main factors:
(1) High female infant mortality (relative to male infant mortality), and
(2) female foeticide.
Both in turn reflect parental and social discrimination against girls and has been recognized essentially as an attitudinal problem. Experts cite societal pressure and dowry demands as the reasons for this menace rather than lack of education and awareness.
3. Poor Standard of Living and Malnutrition:
Standard of living in a country is also affected by its population. In India, there is a great shortage of nourishment, especially that of balanced diet. The standard of living is low and housing conditions are often very poor which lead to health problems such as deficiency diseases. The ignorance of people, inadequate medical facilities, and lack of financial resources come in the way of improving the housing and health conditions.
4. Unemployment:
The pressure of unwanted population growth increases the army of unemployed youths of employable age. Such desperate youths become a burden on the society. They may indulge in unlawful activities and cause harm to the law-abiding people. In India, a large proportion of population is dependent on agriculture which is mostly done by traditional methods, obsolete equipment’s and inadequate financial resources. Consequently, the production per unit area is low.
The secondary and tertiary sectors (industries and services respectively) are relatively less developed. Thus, there are very limited employment opportunities for both the unskilled and semi-skilled people. The agricultural sector does not provide employment to a large number of unskilled workers.
The educated and skilled persons also have very limited opportunities of employment. Consequently, both the uneducated and educated, skilled and unskilled, workers migrate to urban areas in search of jobs.
Thus, the towns and cities have become overcrowded, making living conditions poorer and resulting into socio-economic and environmental problems such as problems of crime and delinquency, prostitution, pollution, transportation, violence, etc.
We know that in spite of many attempts to check population growth, the birth rate is still high (annual exponential growth rate is 1.64 per cent as per 2011 census), but the death rate has been checked because of the development and extension of medical facilities.
Family planning is not practised sincerely on a large scale, especially in rural areas. This situation has resulted into large proportion of youth (15-24 years, 2%) along with the aged (32% in 2011) who are dependent on relatively small workforce of the population.
This large proportion of young population puts great pressure on the available medical, educational and other social amenities. It is estimated that due to the rapid population growth, 25 million people are homeless and 171 million people have no access to safe drinking water.
2. Disproportionate Gender Composition:
According to Census 2011, national sex ratio (females per 1,000 males) is 940. Most countries in the world have more women than men. But India and some South Asian and East Asian countries differ. Female mortality is higher in these nations.
This has resulted in there being more men than women in India and the sex ratio is lower than 1,000, except in two states—Kerala (1,084) and Pondicherry (1,083). India is one of the few countries where the child sex ratio between age of 0-6 has been declining.
The falling child sex ratio is the result of two main factors:
(1) High female infant mortality (relative to male infant mortality), and
(2) female foeticide.
Both in turn reflect parental and social discrimination against girls and has been recognized essentially as an attitudinal problem. Experts cite societal pressure and dowry demands as the reasons for this menace rather than lack of education and awareness.
3. Poor Standard of Living and Malnutrition:
Standard of living in a country is also affected by its population. In India, there is a great shortage of nourishment, especially that of balanced diet. The standard of living is low and housing conditions are often very poor which lead to health problems such as deficiency diseases. The ignorance of people, inadequate medical facilities, and lack of financial resources come in the way of improving the housing and health conditions.
4. Unemployment:
The pressure of unwanted population growth increases the army of unemployed youths of employable age. Such desperate youths become a burden on the society. They may indulge in unlawful activities and cause harm to the law-abiding people. In India, a large proportion of population is dependent on agriculture which is mostly done by traditional methods, obsolete equipment’s and inadequate financial resources. Consequently, the production per unit area is low.
The secondary and tertiary sectors (industries and services respectively) are relatively less developed. Thus, there are very limited employment opportunities for both the unskilled and semi-skilled people. The agricultural sector does not provide employment to a large number of unskilled workers.
The educated and skilled persons also have very limited opportunities of employment. Consequently, both the uneducated and educated, skilled and unskilled, workers migrate to urban areas in search of jobs.
Thus, the towns and cities have become overcrowded, making living conditions poorer and resulting into socio-economic and environmental problems such as problems of crime and delinquency, prostitution, pollution, transportation, violence, etc.
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because population is increase as well as un impolyment .
labour also make work on minimum wages and labour com to india yo make earn sum money so that population problem in india.
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