Question

explain about semi autonomous cell organelles

Answer 1

Chloroplast and mitochondria are called semi-autonomous organelles because they have their own DNA and are capable of synthesizing proteins required for their functioning.

Answer 2

Mitochondria have their own DNA which can replicate independently. The mitochondrial DNA produces its own mRNA, tRNA and rRNA.The organelles posses their own ribosomes, called mitoribosomes.Mitochondria synthesize some of their own structural proteins. However, most of the mitochondrial proteins are synthesized under instructions from cell nucleus.The organelles synthesize some of the enzymes required for their functioning. e.g. succinate dehydrogenase.They show hypertrophy .i.e. internal growth.
However, both their structure and functioning are controlled by the nucleus of the cell and availability of materials from the cytoplasm. Hence, they are termed as the 'semi-autonomous' cell organelles.