Question

Explain about structure of human eye .


From Human and Colourful world

lesson.

With diagram and parts

Answer 1

The cornea is the white clear frontal membrane of the eye. It bulges outwards and is convex in shape. It protects the internal contents of the eye from injury as it is tough. The maximum refraction or bending of light happens at the cornea. The iris lies just behind the cornea.

Iris – the iris is the muscular diaphragm which allows light to enter the eye. The iris controls the amount of light entering the eye. It adjusts the size of the pupil and it is controlled involuntarily. The color of the iris is what is known as eye color – black, brown, blue, green etc.

Pupil – The pupil is that part of the iris which regulates the amount of light entering the eye by contracting or expanding in size. It is essentially an opening in the middle of the iris. Appears black as it absorbs light.

Lens – The lens is a biconvex colorless crystalline structure made of protein. It is transparent and projects the inverted real image of the outside objects on the retina.

Retina – The retina is the inner screen of the eye. It is light sensitive. Light converges on the retina to form an image. The retina is made of specialized nerve cells called rods and cones. Rods are sensitive to dim light. Cones are sensitive to bright light. Cones help in identifying colour. These nerve cells carry the information from the retina to the brain via the optic nerve.The brain interprets the image.

Aqueous humour – Humour in Latin means liquid. Aqueous humour is a watery clear fluid that is present in the space between the cornea and the lens. Aqueous humour provides nourishment to the lens and the cornea both.

Ciliary muscles – These muscles control the shape of the lens. Their contraction and relaxation determine the focal length of the lens.

Suspensory ligament – The ligament supports the lens and the ciliary muscle keeping them in position.

Vitreous humour – It is a clear dense jelly like fluid which fills up space behind the lens. The bulk of the eye is filled with vitreous humour and it imparts shape to the eye. Vitreous humour also helps to refract light on to the retina.

Optic nerves – The nerve located in the back of the eye. It exits the eye to travel upto the brain carrying visual information from the retina to the brain.

Blind spot – This is the contact point of the optic nerve and the retina. There are no sensory receptors here.

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Answer 2

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• Parts of Human Eye

Cornea : It is transparent spherical membrane covering the front of the eye.

Iris : It is a colour diaphragm between the cornea and lens.

Pupil : It is a small hole in the iris.

Eye lens : It is a transparent lens made of jelly like material.

Ciliary muscles : These muscles hold the lens in position.

Retina : It is a black surface of the eye.

Blind spot : It is a point at which the optic nerve leaves the eye. An image formed at this point is not sent to the brain.

Aqueous Humour : It is a clear liquid region between the cornea and the lens.

Vitreous Humour : The space between eye lens and retina is filled with another liquid called vitreous humour.

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