Explain about supernova reaction.
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A blindingly bright star bursts into view in a corner of the night sky — it wasn't there just a few hours ago, but now it burns like a beacon.
That bright star isn't actually a star, at least not anymore. The brilliant point of light is the explosion of a star that has reached the end of its life, otherwise known as a supernova.
Supernovas can briefly outshine entire galaxies and radiate more energy than our sun will in its entire lifetime. They're also the primary source of heavy elements in the universe. According to NASA, supernovae are “the largest explosion that takes place in space.”
On average, a supernova will occur about once every 50 years in a galaxy the size of the Milky Way. Put another way, a star explodes every second or so somewhere in the universe, and some of those aren’t too far from Earth. About 10 million years ago, a cluster of supernovae created the “Local Bubble,” a 300-light-year long, peanut-shaped bubble of gas in the interstellar medium that surrounds the solar system.
Exactly how a star dies depends in part on its mass. Our sun, for example, doesn't have enough mass to explode as a supernova (though the news for Earth still isn't good, because once the sun runs out of its nuclear fuel, perhaps in a couple billion years, it will swell into a red giant that will likely vaporize our world, before gradually cooling into a white dwarf). But with the right amount of mass, a star can burn out in a fiery explosion.
A star can go supernova in one of two ways:
Type I supernova: star accumulates matter from a nearby neighbor until a runaway nuclear reaction ignites.
Type II supernova: star runs out of nuclear fuel and collapses under its own gravity.
That bright star isn't actually a star, at least not anymore. The brilliant point of light is the explosion of a star that has reached the end of its life, otherwise known as a supernova.
Supernovas can briefly outshine entire galaxies and radiate more energy than our sun will in its entire lifetime. They're also the primary source of heavy elements in the universe. According to NASA, supernovae are “the largest explosion that takes place in space.”
On average, a supernova will occur about once every 50 years in a galaxy the size of the Milky Way. Put another way, a star explodes every second or so somewhere in the universe, and some of those aren’t too far from Earth. About 10 million years ago, a cluster of supernovae created the “Local Bubble,” a 300-light-year long, peanut-shaped bubble of gas in the interstellar medium that surrounds the solar system.
Exactly how a star dies depends in part on its mass. Our sun, for example, doesn't have enough mass to explode as a supernova (though the news for Earth still isn't good, because once the sun runs out of its nuclear fuel, perhaps in a couple billion years, it will swell into a red giant that will likely vaporize our world, before gradually cooling into a white dwarf). But with the right amount of mass, a star can burn out in a fiery explosion.
A star can go supernova in one of two ways:
Type I supernova: star accumulates matter from a nearby neighbor until a runaway nuclear reaction ignites.
Type II supernova: star runs out of nuclear fuel and collapses under its own gravity.
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Essentially, stars are enormous balls of highly compressed hydrogen gas formed from vast clouds that drift throughout the Universe. As a clouds condenses under the force of its own gravity, pressure within its center increases. Increased pressure results in higher temperatures until the center becomes hot enough to trigger a thermo nuclear reaction called fusion. When fusion occurs, the short hooks of the strong nuclear force engage two hydrogen atoms and create one atom of helium. But the new helium atom weighs slightly less than two hydrogen atoms, so the excess mass is converted into a spectacular amount energy as explained by Einstein's famous equation E=m*c2. Stars fulfill the dreams imagined by ancient alchemists because they actually transmute one element into another.
Stars are held together by gravity. Gravity tries to compress everything to the center. Thermal and radiation pressure from fusion within the star's core pushes back. Thus, a star exists in an uneasy equilibrium with gravity. Fusion tries to expand the star while gravity tries to crush it.
Stars are held together by gravity. Gravity tries to compress everything to the center. Thermal and radiation pressure from fusion within the star's core pushes back. Thus, a star exists in an uneasy equilibrium with gravity. Fusion tries to expand the star while gravity tries to crush it.
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