explain about the characters of first generation and third generation of computer
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Answer:
First generations of computers (From 1946-1959) :
The following are the characteristics of first generation computers :
Vacuum tubes were used as the principal electronic components in the first generations of computers.
A large amount of space was occupied by these computers.
Speed was normally measured in milliseconds.
The first generation of computers had a limited storage capacity to store data, magnetic drums were used for storing data.
For input and output operations, punched cards were used.
The first generation of computers generated more heats.
A huge amount of electricity was consumed.
Basically, machine languages were used to program the first generations of computers.
These computers were limited to solving one problem at a time.
UNIVAC and ENIAC computers are examples of first-generation computing devices.
The first generations of computers were very costly.
Second generations of computers (From 1959-1965):
The following are the characteristics of second generation computers :
Solid state electronic components such as transistor and diodes were used as the principal electronic components in the second generation of computers.
Speed was normally measured in microseconds.
The heat was reduced marginally as compared to the first generations of computers.
Processing speed and reliability had improved remarkably.
Magnetic tapes besides punch cards were also used for input-output operations in the second generation of computers.
A huge improvement of storage capacity.
Assembly languages were used to program the second generations of computers.
The second generations of computers consumed lower electricity and space compared to the first generation of computers.
IBM 1620, UNIVAC 1108 etc are some example of the second generation of computers.
Third generations of computers (From 1965-1971) :
The following are the characteristics of third generation computers :
Integrated Circuits (IC) were used as the principal electronic components in the third generation of computers.
The speed of computation was normally measured in nanoseconds.
They occupied less storage and consumed less electricity.
Monitors, line printers, magnetic tapes etc were used as the primary input-output device.
This generation’s computers were smaller in size, reliable, and efficient.
Some important concepts like remote processing, time-sharing, multiprogramming operating system were introduced in the second generation of computers.
High-level programming languages such as FORTRAN, COBOL, PASCAL etc were used to program the computers.
They generated less heat and required less maintenance.
IBM-360 series, Honeywell-6000 series etc are some example of the third generation of computers.