Explain about the unification of germany and Italy
Answers
Unification of Italy -- 1871
Unification of Italy was led by king and chancellor of Piedmont-Sardinia after victourious wars against Austria. Pope lost his power over Rome and other Papal states which marked the Unification of Italy.
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unification of Germany
In the mid-1800s, nationalist feelings were strong and engraved in the hearts of the middle-class Germans. They all came united in 1848 to create a nation-state out of the numerous German States. But the monarchy and the military members got together to repress them and they gained support from the landowners of Prussia (the Junkers) as well. Prussia then became the leader of the German unification movement. Chief Minister Otto von Bismarck at that time was the architect of the process with support from the Prussian army and Prussian bureaucracy.
Process of unification of Germany
Nationalist sentiments were often organised by conservatives for promoting state power and achieving political domination over Europe. This can be noted in the process by which Germany and Italy came to be unified as nation-states
Middle-class Germans tried to unite the different regions of German Confederation, but their plans were not took place due to actions of large landowners called Junkers of Prussia.
The unification process was concluded after Prussia won wars with Austria, Denmark, and France over seven years time.
In January 1871, the Prussian king, William I, was indicated the German Emperor in a ceremony held at Versailles. Three wars over the span of seven years with Austria, Denmark and France ended in a Prussian victory. In Jan 1871, Prussian King William I was proclaimed German emperor.
More importance was given to modernising the currency, banking, legal and judicial systems in Germany.
unification of Italy
ITALY’s unification process was the work of Giuseppe Garibaldi, Count Cavour, and Victory Emmanuel II, the 3 primary leaders.
Italy was divided into 7 states in which only the Sardinia-Piedmont region was ruled by the Princely House of Italy.
The northern region was controlled by the Austrian-Habsburg dynasty, the central region was governed by France’s Popes, and the southern region by Spain’s Bourbon kings.
With the secret societies founded by Mazzini, such as Young Italy and Young Europe, the unification of Italy began.
With his full tack of diplomacy with France, Count Cavour overcame the Austrians and liberated northern Italy.
Garibaldi defeated the Bourbon kings of Spain with his armed volunteers called red shirts, liberating the kingdom of two Sicilies.
The second victory of Emmanuel overcame the popes of France and liberated the southern area and completed the unification of Italy, and the Emperor of unified Italy was proclaimed.
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