Question

Explain about :- ⤵️ ⤵️ ⤵️ ⤵️

⭕ Transcription

⭕ Translation​

Answer 1

Answer:

Transcription:

• it is the first step in gene expression. It involves copying a gene's DNA sequence to make an RNA molecule. Transcription is performed by enzymes called RNA polymerases, which link nucleotides to form an RNA strand (using a DNA strand as a template).

Translation:

• the mRNA is "decoded" to build a protein (or a chunk/subunit of a protein) that contains a specific series of amino acids.

Answer 2

Hello Dear ♦

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Transcription :-

• Transcription is the very first of the several steps of DNA based gene expression in which a particular segment of DNA is copied into RNA

(especially mRNA) by enzyme RNA polymerase.

DNA and RNA both are nucleic acid and both use base pairs of nucleotides as primary language.

A complimentary, antiparallel RNA strand is made by RNA polymerase after reading a DNA sequence which is called as primary transcript.

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Transcription proceeds in the following general steps :-

1. RNA polymerase, together with one or more transcription factors binds to promoter DNA.
2. RNA polymerase generates a transcription bubble which separates the two strands of DNA helix
3. RNA polymerase adds nucleotides(important to the nucleotides of DNA strand)
4. RNA suger phosphate backbone forms with assistance from RNA polymerase to form an RNA strand
5. breaking of hydrogen bonds of RNA-DNA thereby freeing the newly synthesized RNA strand
6. if the cell possess nucleus the RNA may continue that includes processes like Polyadenylation, capping and spicing.
7. through the nuclear pore complex, the RNA may exit to the cytoplasm or remain in the nucleus.

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Translation :-

In the field of molecular biology, translation is the process in which ribosomes in the cytoplasm or endoplasmic reticulum after the process of TRANSCRIPTION of DNA to RNA in the cell nucleus the entire process is known as gene expression.

In translation , Messenger RNA (mRNA) is decoded in ribosome , outside the nucleus to produce peptide ( or a specific amino acid chain) that later on folds into the active protein and start it's function in the cell

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Translation is completed in 3 phases :-

1. Initiation :-

the ribosome assembles around the target mRNA. first tRNA us attached to the start condon.

2. Elongation :-

the tRNA transfers an amino acid to the tRNA attached to the corresponding condon

3. Termination :-

when the stop Condon is reached

the ribosome releases the

polypeptide.

♠DONE

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thank you :)