Question

Explain about vertebrates detaily

Answer 1

$\textbf{Answer is in Attachment !}$

Answer 2

$Here \: is \: the \: answer \: of \: your \: question$

`$\textbf{VERTEBRATES}$`

# Vertebrates body consists of four regions namely; head, neck, trunk and tail.

→ Pair of appendages are present in them which may be fins or limbs.

→ They have bilateral symmetry and are triploblastic organisms.

a) Bilateral symmetry :- The body can be divided into two equal halves by a single plane.

b) Triploblastic :- In which three layers namely; endoderm, ectoderm and mesoderm are present.

→ Notochord is present only in the embryonic stage. In adults, the nbotochord is replaced by a vertebral column.

→ Digestive system is complete.

→ Gills are present in lower aquatic vertebrates. Landform have lungs for respiration.

→ Heart is ventral consists of 2 - 4 chambers.

→ Pair of kidneys are present which helps in excretion.

→ Body is true coelom.

→ Sense organs like eyes, nose, skin receptors etc are present in them.

→ There are classified into Mammals, Aves, Pices, Reptilia and Amphibians.

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`$\textbf{1) Amphibians}$`

→ Pair of limbs are present in them.

→ Mouth is large and contains teeth in both upper and lower jaw. These are the first vertebrates which contains tongue.

→ Distinct liver and pancreas are present.

→ Respiration takes place by gills, lungs, skin etc.

→ Heart is three chambered, with two auricles and one ventricle.

→ Ex :- Frog, salamander, toad etc.

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`$\textbf{2) Reptilia}$`

→ These are the first vertebrates fully adopted for life on dry land.

→ Pair of limbs are present in them.

→ Respiration takes place by lungs.

→ Heart is incompletely 4 chambered having two auricles and a partially divided ventricle. Crocodiles have 4 chambered heart.

→ Some of them like in water but they also return to land for breeding.

→ Ex :- Lizard, snake, crocodiles, turtles etc.

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`$\textbf{3) Aves}$`

→ This class includes the birds.

→ They have two pair of limbs. The forelimbs are modified into wings for flight.

→ Mouth has a wide gap. Jaws are covered with horny sheaths, to form strong beak.

→ Respiration takes place by lungs.

→ Heart is 4 chambered, having two auricles and two ventricles. The heart is large and fast beating for quick supply of blood during flight.

→ Ex :- peacock, pigeon, crow etc.

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`$\textbf{4) Mammals}$`

→ Body I various in shapes and generally divided into head, neck, trunk and tail.

→ Pair of appendages are present which helps in running, jumping, climbing etc.

→ Mouth is small and contains teeth in both upper and lower jaw. Tongue is also present.

→ Heart is 4 chambered having two auricles and two ventricles. Heart supply oxygenated blood to all parts of the body.

→ Pair of kidneys are present which helps in excretion.

→ They respire through lungs.

→ Ex :- kangaroo, monkey, human beings, elephant etc.

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`$\textbf{5) Pices}$`

→ This class includes fish.

→ These are water living animals which are covered with scales.

→ They are cold blooded.

→ Muscular tail is present which helps in movement.

→ Heart is 2 chambered.

→ Ex :- dog fish, rohu, shark etc.

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