Explain acceleration due to gravity and calculate the value of g
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Answer:
Formula for Acceleration Due to Gravity
The formula for the acceleration due to gravity is based on Newton's Second Law of Motion and Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation. These two laws lead to the most useful form of the formula for calculating acceleration due to gravity: g = G*M/R^2, where g is the acceleration due to gravity, G is the universal gravitational constant, M is mass, and R is distance. The remainder of this lesson develops this formula, provides further explanation of its meaning, and shows practical examples of its use in calculating acceleration due to gravity.
Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation says that every object exerts a gravitational force on every other object. The force is proportional to the masses of both objects and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers. Mathematically, this is given by F = G*(m1*m2/d^2), where F is the force, G is the universal gravitational constant, m1 is the mass of object 1, m2 is the mass of object 2, and d is the distance between their centers.
The universal gravitational constant was discovered experimentally in 1798 by English physicist Henry Cavendish. It is measured in Newton-square meters per square kilogram (N-m^2/kg^2) and is equal to 6.67 * 10^-11 N-m^2/kg^2.
Newton
Quite often when we use this formula, the mass of one object is much greater than the mass of the other object. For example, when we consider the force of gravity acting on our bodies, the two objects involved are our bodies and the Earth. Another example is the force of gravity acting on a ball as it free-falls to the ground after being thrown straight up.
Both the mass of our bodies and the mass of the ball are negligible compared to the mass of the Earth. In this case, we can replace m1 and m2 in the formula with m to represent the much smaller object and M to represent the much larger object. As the formula indicates, d is the distance between the centers of the two objects. The distance from the center of the Earth to the center of our bodies, or to the center of the ball, is essentially the same as the distance from the center of the Earth to the surface of the Earth. Therefore, we can also replace d with R, which is the average radius of the Earth. This gives us the formula F = G*(m*M/R^2).
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Answer:
Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity caused by a force and in this case the force is gravitational force....
Acceleration due to can be calculated by dividing the mass of the body by the total gravitational force ...