explain all properties of non metal with examples
Answers
Answer:
Elements that tend to gain electrons to form anions during chemical reactions are called non-metals. These are electronegative elements with high ionization energies. They are non-lustrous, brittle and poor conductors of heat and electricity (except graphite). Non-metals can be gases, liquids or solids.
Physical Properties of Nonmetals
Physical State: Most of the non-metals exist in two of the three states of matter at room temperature: gases (oxygen) and solids (carbon). Only bromine exists as a liquid at room temperature.
Non-Malleable and Ductile: Non-metals are very brittle, and cannot be rolled into wires or pounded into sheets.
Conduction: They are poor conductors of heat and electricity.
Luster: These have no metallic luster and do not reflect light.
Melting and Boiling Points: The melting points of non-metals are generally lower than metals, but are highly variable.
Seven non-metals exist under standard conditions as diatomic molecules: H2(g) , N2(g) , O2(g) , F2(g) , Cl2(g) , Br2(l) , I2(s) .
Chemical Properties of Nonmetals
Non-metals have a tendency to gain or share electrons with other atoms. They are electronegative in character. Nonmetals, when reacting with metals, tend to gain electrons (typically attaining noble gas electron configuration) and become anions:
3Br2(l)+2Al(s)→2AlBr3(s)
Compounds composed entirely of nonmetals are covalent substances. They generally form acidic or neutral oxides with oxygen that that dissolve in water to form acids:
CO2(g)+H2O(l)→H2CO3(aq)carbonic acid
As you may know, carbonated water is slightly acidic (carbonic acid).
Nonmetal oxides can combine with bases to form salts.
CO2(g)+2NaOH(aq)→Na2CO3(aq)+H2O(l)
Answer:
Nonmetals have high ionization energies and electronegativities. They are generally poor conductors of heat and electricity. Solid nonmetals are generally brittle, with little or no metallic luster. Most nonmetals have the ability to gain electrons easily.
Explanation:
Chemically, hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, arsenic and selenium are the non-metallic elements in the periodic table