Question

explain all the five quantums number and example ​

Answer 1

Answer:-

Quantum numbers:-

The measurement scale by which the orbitals are distinguished, can be represented by sets of numbers called as Quantum numbers.

There are four types of quantum numbers:-

Principal Quantum number(n):-

• It was proposed by Bohr and is denoted by "n".

• It determines the average distance between electron and nucleus, means it is denoted the size of the atom. It determines the energy of the electron in an orbit where the electron is present.

• The maximum number of an electron in an orbit is represented by this quantum number as 2n².

Azimuthal quantum number (or) Angular quantum number (l) :-

• It was proposed by Sommerfeld and denoted by "l".

• It determines the number of subshells or sublevels to which the electron belongs. It tells about the shape of subshells.

• The energy of any electron depends on the value of n & l because total energy = (n + l) . The electron enters in that sub-orbit whose (n + l) value or energy is less.

Magnetic Quantum number (mₗ) :-

• It was proposed by Linde and denoted by mₗ

• It gives the number of permitted orientation of subshells. The value of mₗ varies from - l to + l through zero.

• It tells about the splitting of spectral lines in the magnetic field i.e., This Quantum number proved the Zeeman Effect.

Spin Quantum number (mₛ) :-

• It was proposed by Goldschmidt and Uhlenbeck and denoted by mₛ

• The value of m(s) is +½ or -½ , which is signified the spin or rotation or direction of electron on its axis during the movement. The spin maybe Clockwise or AntiClockwise.

• Maximum spin of an Atom = ½ * Number of unpaired electrons.

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Values of l for four orbitals:

• s ⟶ 0
• p ⟶ 1
• d ⟶ 2
• f ⟶ 3

[ Refer the attachment for example ]

Answer 2

Answer:

✯ Quantum Number ✯

➣ The set of numbers used to describe the position and energy of the electrons in an atoms is called quantum number.

✯ Types of Quantum Number ✯

➙ There are four types of Quantum Number are as follows :-

➠ Principal Quantum Number :

• Principal Quantum Number are denoted by the symbol "n". They designate the principal electron shell of the atom.

➠ Azimuthal Quantum Number :

• The Azimuthal Quantum Number describe the shape of a given orbital. It is denoted by the symbol "l".

➠ Magnetic Quantum Number :

• The total number of the orbital in a subshell and the orientation of these orbital are called Magnetic Quantum Number. It is denoted by the symbol " $\sf{m_l}$ ".

➠ Electron Spin Quantum Number :

• The Electron Spin Quantum Number is independent of the value of n, l, $\sf{m_l}$. It is denoted by the symbol " $\sf{m_s}$.

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