explain all the parts of Golgi apparatus
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Golgi apparatus, also called Golgi complex or Golgi body, membrane-bound organelle of eukaryotic cells (cells with clearly defined nuclei) that is made up of a series of flattened, stacked pouches called cisternae. The Golgi apparatus is responsible for transporting, modifying, and packaging proteins and lipids into vesicles for delivery to targeted destinations. It is located in the cytoplasm next to the endoplasmic reticulum and near the cell nucleus. While many types of cells contain only one or several Golgi apparatus, plant cells can contain hundreds.
A. Cisternae
It is the simplest unit of the Golgi apparatus is the cisterna.
Cisternae (about 1 μm in diameter) are central, flattened, plate-like or saucer-like closed compartments that are held in parallel bundles or stacks one above the other.
In each stack, cisternae are separated by a space of 20 to 30 nm which may contain rod-like elements or fibers.
Each stack of cisternae forms a dictyosome which may contain 5 to 6 Golgi cisternae in animal cells or 20 or more cisternae in plant cells.
Each cisterna is bounded by a smooth unit membrane (7.5 nm thick), having a lumen varying in width from about 500 to 1000 nm.
The margins of each cisterna are gently curved so that the entire dictyosome of the Golgi apparatus takes on a bow-like appearance.
The cisternae at the convex end of the dictyosome comprise proximal, forming or cis-face and cisternae at the concave end of the dictyosome comprise the distal, maturing or trans-face.
B. Tubules
A complex array of associated vesicles and anastomosing tubules (30 to 50 nm diameter) surround the dictyosome and radiate from it. In fact, the peripheral area of the dictyosome is fenestrated (lace-like) in structure.
C. Vesicles
A. Cisternae
It is the simplest unit of the Golgi apparatus is the cisterna.
Cisternae (about 1 μm in diameter) are central, flattened, plate-like or saucer-like closed compartments that are held in parallel bundles or stacks one above the other.
In each stack, cisternae are separated by a space of 20 to 30 nm which may contain rod-like elements or fibers.
Each stack of cisternae forms a dictyosome which may contain 5 to 6 Golgi cisternae in animal cells or 20 or more cisternae in plant cells.
Each cisterna is bounded by a smooth unit membrane (7.5 nm thick), having a lumen varying in width from about 500 to 1000 nm.
The margins of each cisterna are gently curved so that the entire dictyosome of the Golgi apparatus takes on a bow-like appearance.
The cisternae at the convex end of the dictyosome comprise proximal, forming or cis-face and cisternae at the concave end of the dictyosome comprise the distal, maturing or trans-face.
B. Tubules
A complex array of associated vesicles and anastomosing tubules (30 to 50 nm diameter) surround the dictyosome and radiate from it. In fact, the peripheral area of the dictyosome is fenestrated (lace-like) in structure.
C. Vesicles
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