Explain all the stages of Prophage in miosis
Answers
Interphase
Cells in interphase carry out various processes, such as replicating DNA and chromosomes and synthesizing proteins. Interphase occurs during meiosis I.
Prophase I
Replicated chromosomes of two sister chromatids become visible during this stage as they begin to condense and form pairs. Synapsis, or the exchange of chromosome segments, then takes place between the paired chromosomes and genetic information is exchanged. During this process, the nucleur envelope has broken down and centrioles with spindle fibers have moved to opposite ends of the cell. Prophase occurs during meiosis I.
Metaphase I
The homologous chromosomes line up as pairs at the equator of the cell. Spindle fibers then attach to the centromere of each homologous chromosome. Metaphase occurs during meiosis I.
Anaphase I
The homologous chromosomes separate, as each pair is then guided by spindle fibers and moved to opposite ends of the cell. The chromosome number is reduced from 2n to n when the chromosomes seperate. Each chromosome still consists of two sister chromatids. Anaphase I occurs during meiosis I.
Telophase I
The homologous chromosomes, consisting of two sister chromatids, reach opposite ends of the cell to form to nuclei. The sister chromatids might not be identical due to crossing over during synapsis in prophase I. Each pole contains only one member of the original pair of homologous chromosomes. The cell then divides. Telephase I occurs during meiosis I.
Prophase II
Chromosomes condense, spindle fibers form in each new cell, and spindle fibers attach to chromosomes. Prophase II occures during meiosis II.
Metaphase II
Centromeres of chromosomes line up randomly at the equator of each cell. Metaphase II occurs during meiosis II.
Anaphase II
The centromeres split and the sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles. Anaphase II occurs during meiosis II.
Telophase II
Four nuclei form around the chromosomes, the spindle fibers break down, and the cells divide. Telophase II occurs during meiosis II.
Cytokinesis
Four cells have formed and each nucleus contains a haploid number of chromosomes. Cytokinesis occurs during meiosis II.
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Answer:
Prophase 1 of Meiosis is the first stage of meiosis and is defined by five different phases; Leptotene, Zygotene, Pachytene, Diplotene and Di
leptotene = leptotene stage, also known as the leptonema, is the first of five substages of prophase I in meiosis. The term leptonema derives from Greek words meaning "thin threads". A cell destined to become a gamete enters the leptotene stage after its chromosomes are duplicated during interphase.
zygotene -Zygotene is that phase wherein the homologous chromosomes pair or come together in synapse. The pairing or coming together of homologous chromosomes is called synapsis. It may be facilitated by the synaptonemal complex. The term zygotene is derived from Greek words that mean paired threads.
pachytene-Pachytene, also referred to as pachynema, is one of the five sub stages of Prophase I in meiosis. It is the third sub stage following leptotene and zygotene and preceding diplotene and diakinesis, beginning after synapsis is complete. Pachytene is defined as the stage when a fully formed synaptonemal complex exists.
diplotene -stage of meiotic prophase which follows the pachytene and during which the paired homologous chromosomes begin to separate and chiasmata become visible.