Question

explain all the steps for converting a direct speech into a indirect speech

Answer 1

If the reporting verb is in the Present or Future tense (e.g., say, will say) there is no change in the tense of the verb in the Indirect speech.
Antony says, “I eat a mango”. (D.S.)
Antony says, that he eats a mango”. (I.S.)

If Reporting Verb is in the Past Tense. the tense of the verbs in the reported speech or Indirect Speech must be generally changed.

1. Present Tense in the Direct becomes p.ast tense.
Johnsi said, “I write a letter”. (D.S)
Johnsi said that she wrote a letter. (I.S)

2. Past Tense in the direct becomes past perfect or remains unchanged.
Angel said, “I brought a pen yesterday”. (D.S)
Angel said that she had bought a pen the day before.(I.S)

3. Present Continuous in the direct becomes past continuous.
John said, “I am going to church”. (D.S)
John said that he was going to church. (I.S)

4. Past Continuous in the direct becomes past perfect continuous.
Nelson said, “I was playing cricket”. (D.S)
Nelson said that he had been playing cricket. (I.S)

5. Present Perfect in the direct becomes past perfect.
Kamal said, “I have done my home work”. (D.S)
Nelson said that he had done his home work. (I.S)

6. Present Perfect Continuous in the direct becomes past perfect continuous.
He said, “I have been reading a novel”. (D.S)
He said that he had been reading a novel. (I.S)

7. ‘Will’ and ‘Shall’ are changed to ‘would’.
He said, “I will go to London tomorrow”. (D.S)
He said that he would go to London the next day. (I.S)

8. 
may-mightcan-couldmust-had to (or) mustJohnsi said, “I must go now”. (D.S)
Johnsi said that she must (or) had to go then. (I.S)


Exception to the above rule:
If the direct speech contains the Universal Truth, the tense of the direct speech remains unchanged even if the reporting verb is in the past.

The teacher said, “The sun rises in the East”. (D.S)
The teacher said that the sun rises in the East. (I.S)

Statement (or) Assertive Sentence
Rules :

Remove the quotation marks in the statementUse the conjuction ‘that’Change the reporting verb ‘say to’ into ‘tell’Change the reporting verb ‘said to’ into ‘told’Note :
He said that (correct)He told me that (correct)He told that (Incorrect)1. “I will work hard to get first class” said Lazar (D.S.)
Lazar said he would work hard to get first class. (I.S.)

2. “You can do this work” said Nelson to Johnsi (D.S.)
Nelson told Johnsi that he could do that work. (I.S.)

3. He says, “I am glad to be here this evening”(D.S.)
He says that he is glad to be there that evening. (I.S.)

4. “I‘m going to the library now” said David (D.S.)
David said that he was going to the library then. (I.S.)

Answer 2

HEY MATE HERE ARE FEW STEPS THAT MAY HELP U.
.
.
.
1) FIND OUT THE TENSE OF THE REPORTING VERB

2)IF IT IS PRESENT OR FUTURE THERE WILL BE NO CHANGE IN THE EEPIRTED SPEECH

3) AND IF IT IS PAST THEN THE REPORTED SPEECH MAY BE CHANGED ACCORDING TO THE FOLLOWING TABLE
PRESENT SIMPLE TO PAST SIMPLE
PRESENT CONTINUOUS TO PAST CONT.
PRESENT PERFECT TO PAST PER.
PRESENT PERF. CONT. TO PAST PERF.CONT.
PAST SIMPLE TO PAST PERF.


3) AND THEN LOOK OUT THE PERSON OF THE SUBJECT AND OBJECT IN THE REPORTED SPEECH
WHICH WILL CHANGE ACC TO



SON
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THANKS


HOPE IT HELPS U