Question

explain all the types of power sharing​

Answer 1

Major forms of power sharing in modern democracy are: Power sharing among different Organs of the Government: In democracy, power is shared among Legislature, Executive and Juduciary. ... Governments at different levels: In federal form of government, power is shared between the central and state governments.

Answer 2

Answer:

Power sharing is integral part of a nation, embodying the very spirit of democracy. It is found in 4 forms - vertical distribution of power, horizontal distribution of power, power sharing between social groups, and power sharing between political parties.

Horizontal Distribution of Power

• When power shared between different organs of the government - the executive, the legislature and the judiciary - it is known as the horizontal distribution of power.
• It is often referred to as the system of checks and balance since it prevents any one organ of the government from accessing unrestrained power.

     --(Keeps in check)>----<(Appoints)--    Executive  -(Controls)>--<(NCM)*--

      |                                                                                                              |

Judiciary   -------(Keeps in check)>----------------<(Impeaches)-------    Legislature

* NCM = No-Confidence Motion

Vertical Distribution of Power

• When power is shared between different tiers of the government - The Union government, the State government, the Local self-government - it is known as the vertical distribution of power.
• This system is not always practiced in democracies and is also known as federalism.
• In this system, the autonomy and jurisdiction of each level of the government are clearly defined and mandated.
• In India, there are 3 tiers of government, each inscribed in the Constitution.

Power-sharing between social groups

• Power can also be shared between different social groups - ethnic, religious, linguistic etc.
• This prevents a potentially harmful conflict in a democracy, ensuring that everyone is represented and has a voice in the decision-making process.
• It prevents the rise of majoritarianism and a feeling of alienation in a social group.
• This was exemplified by Belgium's community government and the Accomodative Policy, which ensured that no one linguistic group could have unlimited power.

Power-sharing between Political Parties

• Power is also shared between political parties in a democracy both in the short and the long run.
• In the short run, parties create Coalitions to form the government and Alliances to strategically contest elections.
• In the long run, parties share power with each other in a democracy.   Since they together control a government over time, they also share power with each other.