Question

Explain all types of expansion of substances

Answer 1

Answer:

The expansion of alcohol in a thermometer is one of many commonly encountered examples of

thermal expansion , the change in size or volume of a given mass with temperature. Hot air rises because its volume increases, which causes the hot air’s density to be smaller than the density of surrounding air, causing a buoyant (upward) force on the hot air. The same happens in all liquids and gases, driving natural heat transfer upwards in homes, oceans, and weather systems. Solids also undergo thermal expansion. Railroad tracks and bridges, for example, have expansion joints to allow them to freely expand and contract with temperature changes.

Explanation:

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Answer 2

Answer:

THERMAL EXPANSION OF SOLID, LIQUID AND GAS - EXAMPLE

All three states of matter (solid, liquid and gas) expand when heated. The atoms themselves do not expand, but the volume they take up does.When a solid is heated, its atoms vibrate faster about their fixed points. The relative increase in the size of solids when heated is therefore small. Metal railway tracks have small gaps so that when the sun heats them, the tracks expand into these gaps and dont buckle.

Liquids expand for the same reason, but because the bonds between separate molecules are usually less tight they expand more than solids. This is the principle behind liquid-in-glass thermometers. An increase in temperature results in the expansion of the liquid which means it rises up the glass.

Molecules within gases are further apart and weakly attracted to each other. Heat causes the molecules to move faster, (heat energy is converted to kinetic energy) which means that the volume of a gas increases more than the volume of a solid or liquid. However, gases that are contained in a fixed volume cannot expand and so increases in temperature result in increases in pressure.

DISADVANTAGES OF THERMAL EXPANSION OF LIQUIDS - EXAMPLE

The disadvantages of thermal expansion of liquids are as follows:

1. We should not use pure water in the radiator as water has a far higher coefficient of volume expansion than a typical engine coolant. This can be particularly hazardous in cold weather, because frozen water in a radiator could expand enough to crack the engine block.

2. In cold weather, water in the pipes freezes and expands which leads to bursting of pipes.

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