explain amphibia with example of frog ( Rana ) ... please answer.. don't spam
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Journal of Experimental Biology
EFFECTS OF CLIMATE AND ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE ON MARINE AND TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS
The cause of global amphibian declines: a developmental endocrinologist's perspective
T. B. Hayes, P. Falso, S. Gallipeau, M. Stice
Journal of Experimental Biology 2010 213: 921-933; doi: 10.1242/jeb.040865
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SUMMARY
Greater than 70% of the world's amphibian species are in decline. We propose that there is probably not a single cause for global amphibian declines and present a three-tiered hierarchical approach that addresses interactions among and between ultimate and proximate factors that contribute to amphibian declines. There are two immediate (proximate) causes of amphibian declines: death and decreased recruitment (reproductive failure). Although much attention has focused on death, few studies have addressed factors that contribute to declines as a result of failed recruitment. Further, a great deal of attention has focused on the role of pathogens in inducing diseases that cause death, but we suggest that pathogen success is profoundly affected by four other ultimate factors
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