Explain any five key features of Federalism.
CBSE Class X Social Science LA (5 Marks)
Answers
Main Features of Federalism :
(i) There are two or more levels of government. India has three levels.
(ii) Each level of government has its own jurisdiction in matters of legislation, taxation and administration even though they govern the same citizens.
(iii) Powers and functions of each tier of government is specified and guaranteed by Constitution.
(iv) The Supreme Court has been given power to settle disputes between federal governments.
(v) Fundamental provisions of Constitution cannot be altered by any one level of government. It applies to India also.
(vi) Sources of revenue between different levels is specified by Constitution.
(vii) There is mutual trust and agreement between the government at different levels.
Answer:1 There are two or more levels (or tiers) of government.
2 Different tiers of government govern the same citizens, but each tier has its own JURISDICTION in specific matters of legislation, taxation and administration.
3 The jurisdictions of the respective levels or tiers of government are specified in the constitution. So the existence and authority of each tier of government is constitutionally guaranteed.
4 The fundamental provisions of the constitution cannot be unilaterally changed by one level of government. Such changes require the consent of both the levels of government.
5 Courts have the power to interpret the constitution and the powers of different levels of government. The highest court acts as an umpire if disputes arise between different levels of government in the exercise of their respective powers.
6 Sources of revenue for each level of government are clearly specified to ensure its financial autonomy.
7 The federal system thus has dual objectives: to safeguard and promote unity of the country, while at the same time accommodate regional diversity.