Question

explain any five measures to achieve sustainable development

Answer 1

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Some of the important measures for sustainable development are as follows:

(i) Technology:

Using appropriate technology is one which is locally adaptable, eco-friendly, resource efficient and culturally suitable.

It mostly involves local resources and local labour. Indigenous technologies are more useful, cost-effective and sustainable. Nature is often taken as a model, using the natural conditions of that region as its components. This concept is known as “design with nature”. The technology should use less of resources and should produce minimum waste.

(ii) Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle Approach:

The 3-R approach advocating minimization of resource use, using them again and again instead of passing it on to the waste stream and recycling the materials goes a long way in achieving the goals of sustainability. It reduces pressure on our resources as well as reduces waste generation and pollution.

(iii) Promoting Environmental Education and Awareness:

Making environmental education the centre of all learning process will greatly help in changing the thinking pattern and attitude of people towards our earth and the environment. Introducing subject right from the school stage will inculcate a feeling of belongingness to earth in small children. ‘Earth thinking’ will gradually get incorporated in our thinking and action which will greatly help in transforming our lifestyles to sustainable ones.

(iv) Resource Utilization as Per Carrying Capacity:

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Any system can sustain a limited number of organisms on a long-term basis which is known as its carrying capacity. In case of human beings, the carrying capacity concept becomes all the more complex. It is because unlike other animals, human beings, not only need food to live, but need so many other things to maintain the quality of life. Sustainability of a system depends largely upon the carrying capacity of the system. If the carrying capacity of a system is crossed (say, by over exploitation of a resource), environmental degradation starts and continues till it reaches a point of no return.

Carrying capacity has two basic components:

i. Supporting capacity i.e. the capacity to regenerate

ii. Assimilative capacity i.e. the capacity to tolerate different stresses.

In order to attain sustainability it is very important to utilize the resources based upon the above two properties of the system. Consumption should not exceed regeneration and changes should not be allowed to occur beyond the tolerance capacity of the system.

(v) Improving Quality of Life Including Social, Cultural and Economic Dimensions:

Development should not focus just on one-section of already affluent people. Rather it should include sharing of benefits between the rich and the poor. The tribal, ethnic people and their cultural heritage should also be conserved. Strong community participation should be there in policy and practice. Population growth should be stabilized.

Answer 2

Sustainable development: Development without environmental degradation and with conservation of resources for the future generation.

Measures to promote sustainable development:

(i) Increased use of renewable resource.

(ii) Less use of fossil fuels.

(iii) Introduction of organic farming.

(iv) Adopting measures to reduce global warming

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