Explain any five scientific techniques of F.W Taylor.
Answers
Answered by
3
1. Functional Foremanship
F.W. Taylor has propounded the functional organisation. This form of organisation is totally based on the principle of specialisation and makes full utilisation of the expertise of various experts.
In a functional organisation, work is divided into many small parts and each part is assigned to an expert. In this manner, all the benefits of specialisation are availed of.
Taylor has defined functional organisation as follows:
“Functional organisation consists of so dividing the management that each man from the assistant superintendent shall have as few functions as possible to perform. If practisable, the work of each man in the management should be confined to the performance of a single leading function.”
Taylor has suggested the division of the work of factory manager into two subdepartments:
(i) Planning department, and (ii) production department. Four experts are appointed in each department. The experts in the planning department do planning and the experts in the production department help in production.
(i) Specialists of Planning Department and their Functions
(a) Route Clerk:
This clerk ensures the sequence of completing a particular work, meaning thereby the stages it shall have to pass before being finalised. He also decides the job to be done for the day and where it is to be done.
(b) Instruction Card Clerk:
This clerk prepares the instruction cards for the workers and hands them over to the gang boss. These cards contain information about the nature of the work, procedure of doing it, material to be used and the details about machinery.
(c) Time and Cost Clerk:
This clerk decides as to when a particular work is to be started and finished, meaning thereby as to what time the whole work will take place. It is also decided at the same time at what cost the product will be produced.
(d) Discipline Officer:
The discipline officer ensures that every work is being performed in a disciplined manner.
(ii) Specialists of Production Department and their Functions
(a) Gang Boss:
(b) Speed Boss:
(c) Repair Boss:
(d) Inspector:
2. Standardisation of Work
Standardisation means setting standards for different factors, after due deliberation.
For example, the amount of work to be done by a worker in a day may be standardised.
In other words, the worker is expected to do the standard amount of work every day.
In the same manner standards may also be set for raw materials, machines and tools, techniques, conditions of work, etc. The following is a brief description of such standards:
(i) Standardised Material:
(ii) Standardised Machines and Tools:
(iii) Standardised Methods:
(iv) Standardised Working Conditions:
3. Simplification
Simplification means putting an end to the unnecessary types, qualities, sizes/weights, etc. For example, it is all right for a shoe manufacturing company to manufacture shoes of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, sizes but if it starts manufacturing shoes of 0, 0.5, 1, 1.25, 1.5, 1.75, 2, 2.25, 2.5, 2.75, 3, it will be simply wrong.
There is no justification in the difference of such sizes. In such a situation different types of machines shall have to be installed, more stock shall have to be maintained and increased labour costs shall have to be borne.
Therefore, it is advisable to manufacture shoes only of the proper sizes. In other words, simplification of the product is the answer.
Objectives of simplification:
(i) Effecting economy in the use of machines.
(ii) Bringing down the labour cost with the help of specialisation. (The benefits of specialisation can be obtained by restricting specialisation only to a few products.)
(iii) Affecting economy in the staff.
According to another example, a paper manufacturing company in the USA started the work of simplification of the types of papers it was manufacturing and succeeded in reducing their types from 2,000 to 200 only. The effect of such an exercise can simply be imagined.
4. Scientific Study of Work
It means to conduct the deep analysis of all the activities being performed in the organisation with the aim of producing maximum possible quality output at minimum costs.
this may help u .....
But i know only 4 .....
F.W. Taylor has propounded the functional organisation. This form of organisation is totally based on the principle of specialisation and makes full utilisation of the expertise of various experts.
In a functional organisation, work is divided into many small parts and each part is assigned to an expert. In this manner, all the benefits of specialisation are availed of.
Taylor has defined functional organisation as follows:
“Functional organisation consists of so dividing the management that each man from the assistant superintendent shall have as few functions as possible to perform. If practisable, the work of each man in the management should be confined to the performance of a single leading function.”
Taylor has suggested the division of the work of factory manager into two subdepartments:
(i) Planning department, and (ii) production department. Four experts are appointed in each department. The experts in the planning department do planning and the experts in the production department help in production.
(i) Specialists of Planning Department and their Functions
(a) Route Clerk:
This clerk ensures the sequence of completing a particular work, meaning thereby the stages it shall have to pass before being finalised. He also decides the job to be done for the day and where it is to be done.
(b) Instruction Card Clerk:
This clerk prepares the instruction cards for the workers and hands them over to the gang boss. These cards contain information about the nature of the work, procedure of doing it, material to be used and the details about machinery.
(c) Time and Cost Clerk:
This clerk decides as to when a particular work is to be started and finished, meaning thereby as to what time the whole work will take place. It is also decided at the same time at what cost the product will be produced.
(d) Discipline Officer:
The discipline officer ensures that every work is being performed in a disciplined manner.
(ii) Specialists of Production Department and their Functions
(a) Gang Boss:
(b) Speed Boss:
(c) Repair Boss:
(d) Inspector:
2. Standardisation of Work
Standardisation means setting standards for different factors, after due deliberation.
For example, the amount of work to be done by a worker in a day may be standardised.
In other words, the worker is expected to do the standard amount of work every day.
In the same manner standards may also be set for raw materials, machines and tools, techniques, conditions of work, etc. The following is a brief description of such standards:
(i) Standardised Material:
(ii) Standardised Machines and Tools:
(iii) Standardised Methods:
(iv) Standardised Working Conditions:
3. Simplification
Simplification means putting an end to the unnecessary types, qualities, sizes/weights, etc. For example, it is all right for a shoe manufacturing company to manufacture shoes of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, sizes but if it starts manufacturing shoes of 0, 0.5, 1, 1.25, 1.5, 1.75, 2, 2.25, 2.5, 2.75, 3, it will be simply wrong.
There is no justification in the difference of such sizes. In such a situation different types of machines shall have to be installed, more stock shall have to be maintained and increased labour costs shall have to be borne.
Therefore, it is advisable to manufacture shoes only of the proper sizes. In other words, simplification of the product is the answer.
Objectives of simplification:
(i) Effecting economy in the use of machines.
(ii) Bringing down the labour cost with the help of specialisation. (The benefits of specialisation can be obtained by restricting specialisation only to a few products.)
(iii) Affecting economy in the staff.
According to another example, a paper manufacturing company in the USA started the work of simplification of the types of papers it was manufacturing and succeeded in reducing their types from 2,000 to 200 only. The effect of such an exercise can simply be imagined.
4. Scientific Study of Work
It means to conduct the deep analysis of all the activities being performed in the organisation with the aim of producing maximum possible quality output at minimum costs.
this may help u .....
But i know only 4 .....
Reshamrani:
welcome friend ....
Hmm
Answered by
1
Answer:
Five techniques of Taylor :
1) simplification : It refers to that technique which is used to put an end to unnecessary types, sizes, qualities, weights
2) Method study : It refers to identifying the most suitable way to do a particular activity .
3) Motion study : it refers to a technique to study the movements those are necessary for doing a well defined job.
4) Fatigue study : It refers to determining the duration and frequency of rest interval to complete a particular job
5) Mental revolution : It refers to the change in the attitude of management and workers towards one another from competition to cooperation
Explanation:
Hopes it will help you dear
Similar questions