Question

explain any four proper farming technique which can be used for soil conservation​

Answer 1

CONTOUR PLOUGHING

Ploughing along the strip lines instead of ploughing up and down avoids breakage of soil bonds and prevents erosion.

TERRACE FARMING

Cutting down steps or terraces in hilly slopes for cultivation decelerates the flow of water thereby preventing washing down of top soil.

PLANTING XEROPHYTES / SHELTER BELTS

Planting xerophytes and creating shelter belts helps to bind the soil together.

This method can be used in sandy regions and for stabilizing sand dunes in deserts.

STRIP CROPPING

Cultivating in strips of land by dividing a large field/plot into small strips and allowing grasses to grow between them.

This binds the soil together preventing erosion thereby conserving soil.

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Answer 2

Soil conservation includes all those measures which help in protecting the soil from erosion or degradation.

(i) Crop rotation : If the same crop is sown in the same field, year after year, this consumes certain nutrients from the soil making it infertile. Crop rotation can check this type of erosion.

(ii) Settled agriculture : Checking and reducing shifting agriculture by persuading the tribal people to switch over to settled agriculture.

(iii) Terracing and contour bunding :
Terracing and contour bunding across the hill slopes is a very effective, and one of the oldest methods of soil conservation. Hill slope is cut into a number of terraces having horizontal top and steep slopes on the back and front. Contour bunding involves the construction of bank along the contour.

(iv) Strip cropping : Large fields can be divided into strips. Strips of grass are left to grow between the crops. This breaks up the force of the wind. This method is known as strip cropping.