Explain any six method that can be adopted for water conservation
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The following methods would prove useful for it:
1. Protection of Water from Pollution;
If the total fresh water available on the earth remains pollution free, it is sufficient to meet the drinking water needs of the existing population of the world, unfortunately a large portion of fresh water does not remain fit for use of the living world due to increasing economic activities, urbanization etc.
Oceanic water in the form of ecological system of seas is an important environmental system, but during the last century pollution has spread in large proportions.
2. Redistribution of Water:
Water found on the surface of the earth is not equally distributed. Existing form of distribution also becomes a reason for the water crisis. In the African continent, though there is maximum hydro electric production because of excess availability of water in Mediterranean regions, but the Sahara desert situated in the north of Africa and the greatest desert of the world, suffers from water crisis for the whole year.
3. Rational Use of Groundwater:
Groundwater meets 25 per cent of total supply of water in the world, remaining 75 per cent supply is met by surface water sources of rivers, lakes etc. Demand for groundwater goes on increasing in proportion to its available quantity due to which quantity of groundwater goes on decreasing. After exploitation of groundwater, its re-infiltration takes a very long time to complete.
4. Population Control:
Water crisis has assumed dangerous proportions due to fast increase in population and deterioration in quantitative and qualitative aspects of water resources. Demand for water is continuously increasing. Along with population increase, demand for fresh water has increased due to expansion of industries and increasing urbanization
.5. Renovation of Traditional Water Sources:
In India, traditional water storage places have been able to meet the demand of drinking water in many regions but they have been renovated from time to time. Water stored in traditional water sources has been used for both purposes, agriculture as well as for drinking.
6. Use of Modern Irrigation Methods:
At the world level, 69 per cent water is used for the agricultural sector. Necessary requirement of water in agriculture is met by surface water sources and groundwater. Surface water used for agriculture is obtained through canals and tanks and underground water from wells and tube wells. Unfortunately, much water is wasted through traditional methods of irrigation. Canal irrigation does not distribute water in a balanced way and it creates problems of water logging.