Question

explain any three effects of the first world war on the industries in Russia ?

Answer 1

1. The Russian Revolution of 1917 in which the Russian government passed into the hands of the communists
2. Russia had lost more than 6,00,000 soldiers
3. The new Bolshevik Party was not in favour of war. Russia withdrew from the war after the revolution and the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed. Germany imposed a heavy war indemnity of six billion marks on Russia. She also occupied many prosperous and industrial cities of Russia

Answer 2

(i) At the beginning of 20th century in Russia most industry was owned by industrialists. (ii) Government supervised large factories to ensure minimum wages and time of working hours. (iii) In crafts units and small workshops sometimes like working hours were 15 hours, compared with 10 or 12 hours in big factories. (iv) Workers were divided into different social groups and they were also divided by skill. (v) Women consisted of 31 percent of the factory labour force. The wages of a female worker was less than a male worker. (vi) Some workers formed associations to help other workers in times of hardship.