explain any three factor affected the localisation of industries with suitable example
Answers
Physical Factors:
(i) Availability of Raw materials The factory needs to be close to the location of raw material if they are heavy and bulky to transport. For example, iron and steel industry is located near the source of raw material.
(ii) Water Source Water is an important factor that
determines the location of industries. Water is required for various industrial processes. River water and waterfalls can also be used to generate hydroelectricity.
(iii) Climate Climate plays a significant role in establishment of industries. Harsh climate is not much suitable for industries. Extremely hot, humid, dry or cold climate is not very conducive for industries. For example, cotton textile industry requires humid climate because thread breaks in dry climate.
The location of manufacturing industries depends upon a number of geographical and economic factors. These factors are known as factors of localization of industries or agglomeration of industries. The most important factors are:
(i) Raw material.
(ii) Source of Power.
(iii) Labour.
(iv) Means of transportation.
(v) Market.
(vi) Other factors like climate, Government Policies, capital, water, land etc.
(i) Raw Material.
Among the factors influencing location of an industry, close proximity to raw material availability of regular supply of cheap raw material are of utmost significance.
Therefore, industries are set up close to or in the regions where raw material is available in plenty. This speaks for the localization of jute industry in West Bengal, Sugar industry in U.P and concentration of heavy industries in the states of Chattisgarh and West Bengal.
(ii) Source of Power.
All types of manufacturing industries depend upon one or the other sources of power. It may be coal, oil, electricity, gas etc.
In the industries, especially those of ferrous metallurgy, coal is the main source of power; therefore, these heavy industries are closely tied down to coal fields. The iron and steel industry of India in the Damodar Valley of Chattisgarh at Jamshedpur is located near the coal fields of Raniganj and Jharia.