Question

Explain any three major threats to the rich biodiversity of Indian

Answer 1

five main threats to biodiversity are commonly recognized in the programmes of work of the Convention: invasive alien species, climate change, nutrient loading and pollution, habitat change, and overexploitation. Unless we successfully mitigate the impacts of these direct drivers of change on biodiversity, they will contribute to the loss of biodiversity components, negatively affect ecosystem integrity and hamper aspirations towards sustainable use.

In discussing threats to biodiversity it is important to keep in mind that, behind these direct drivers of biodiversity loss, there are a number of indirect drivers that interact in complex ways to cause human-induced changes in biodiversity. They include demographic, economic, socio-political, cultural, religious, scientific and technological factors, which influence human activities that directly impact on biodiversity.

Indicators for trends in nutrient loading and invasive alien species have been identified under the focal area addressed here, and are described below. Information on habitat change is provided by the indicator trends in extent of selected biomes, ecosystems and habitats (see page 23). Overexploitation is discussed under the focal area on sustainable use (see page 36). While there is no single indicator of the impacts of climate change on biodiversity, a number of indicators, including those on trends in extent of selected biomes, ecosystems and habitats (particularly applied to coral reefs, polar ice and glaciers, and certain types of forests and drylands), abundance and distribution of selected species(see page 25), and incidence of human induced ecosystem failure, can serve to derive trends where specific data are available. Because small, fragmented ecosystems are more affected by changes in temperature and humidity than large contiguous ecosystems with a more balanced micro-climate, trends in connectivity/fragmentation of ecosystems (see page 30) provide an indicator of the vulnerability of ecosystems to climate change.

Answer 2

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Biodiversity➫ The number and types of plants and animals that exist in a particular area.

Ex:- Different varieties of animals & plants live in the ocean.

♦ It is the existence of a wide variety of plant and animal species living in.

♦ Greater species diversity ensures natural sustainability for all life forms.

♦ It boosts ecosystem productivity where each species, no matter how small.

➧ Types of Biodiversity are:-
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[1] Genetic Diversity:-

❱ The total number of genetic characteristics in the genetic makeup of a species. 

[2] Species  Diversity:-

❱ The number of different species that are represented in a given community.

[3] Ecosystem  Diversity:-

❱ The the variety of different ecosystems within an area.

➧ Some threat of Biodiversity:-
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❱ Deforestation
❱ Desertification
❱ Climate Change
❱ Marine Environment
❱ Increasing Wildlife Trade
❱ Human Activities & Loss of Habitat

➧ Importance of Biodiversity:-
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❱ It Increase ecosystem productivity.

❱ It offers:-

♦ Fish
♦ Food
♦ Harvest
♦ Silviculture
♦ Livestock

❱ It provides functioning ecosystems that:-

♦ Pest control
♦ Supply 0xygen
♦ Clean air & Water
♦ Pollination of plants
♦ Wastewater treatment
♦ Ecosystem services

➧ We can protect Biodiversity by:-
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❱ To reduce your adverse impact on the environment & encourage local biodiversity.

❱ Help Native Pollinators.

❱ Reduce or eliminate pesticides & fertilizer.

❱ Restore habitat in your yard.

❱ Restore habitat in your community.

❱ Reduce your consumption.

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