explain any three reason responsible for land degradation in India
Answers
Answer:
(i) Mining: Mining sites are abandoned after excavation work is complete leaving deep scars in states such as Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh and Odisha. Deforestation due to mining has caused severe land degradation.
(ii) Over irrigation: Over irrigation in the states of Punjab, Haryana, western Uttar Pradesh, has caused water logging and increase in salinity of soil.
(iii) Overgrazing: Overgrazing in states such as Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra is a huge cause of land degradation.
(iv) Industries: Mineral processing industry like grinding of limestone for cement industry and calcite and soapstone for ceramic industry generate huge quantity of dust, this retards the process of infiltration of water into the soil.
(v) Industrial Waste: Industrial effluents also have become a major source of land degradation.
Explanation:
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Answer:
Land degradation is a global problem largely related to agricultural use, deforestation and climate change. Causes include:
- Land clearance, such as clearcutting and deforestation
- Agricultural depletion of soil nutrients through poor farming practices
- Livestock including overgrazing and overdrafting
- Inappropriate irrigation[9] and overdrafting
- Urban sprawl and commercial development
- Vehicle off-roading
- Quarrying of stone, sand, ore and minerals
- Increase in field size due to economies of scale, reducing shelter for wildlife, as hedgerows and copses disappear
- Exposure of naked soil after harvesting by heavy equipment
- Monoculture, destabilizing the local ecosystem
- Dumping of non-biodegradable trash, such as plastics
- Invasive Species
- Climate change
- Loss of soil carbon