Explain basic biological concept principle for nanoengineering
Answers
Nanotechnology is the extension of existing science into the nanoscale. It pushed towards microminiaturization. The word ‘nano’ means ‘one-billionth’, (10–9). Feynman, a noble laureate in physics, brought this nanotechnology into daylight by delivering lectures in 1959. Nanoscience is the study of the fundamental principles of molecules and structures having sizes in between 1 and 100 nm. These are known as nanostructures. The 20th century scientists called this as top-down science. The physical, chemical, biological properties associated with the nanostructures constituted from atoms and molecules is known as bottom-up process.
Nanotechnology is commonly considered to deal with particles in the size range <100 nm, and with the nanomaterials manufactured using nanoparticles. The approaches to the toxicology testing, and assessment of the human and environmental risks are undergoing rapid development. One risk assessment area of strong interest is the extent to which nanoparticle and nanomaterial toxicity can be extrapolated from existing data for particles and fibers.
The research and development of nanotechnology is very active globally, and nanotechnologies are already used in hundreds of products, including sunscreens, cosmetics, textiles, and sports equipment. Nanotechnology is also being developed for use in drug delivery, biosensors, and other biomedical applications. Further, nanotechnologies are also being developed for use in environmental applications, e.g., clean-up of environmental pollutants.