Question

Explain bonding in the following molecules:
(i) NH3 (ii) CaCl2 (iii) O3 (iv) Mg O (v) SO3

Answer 1

Answer:

(I) NH3: The ammonia molecule is held together by the strong N–H nitrogen–hydrogen single covalent bonds by sharing electrons.

(ii) CaCl2: CaCl2 or Calcium Chloride is an ionic bond. In case of calcium chloride, the calcium gives up an electron to each chlorine atom, becoming Ca2+ ions and chlorine become Cl– ions.

(iii) O3: Ozone is made up of two oxygen atoms sharing a double covalent bond and one of these atoms sharing a coordinate covalent bond with another oxygen atom.

(iv) Mg O: Mg loses two electrons to have an octet. Oxygen gains two electrons to have an octet. The ionic bond between ions results from the electrostatic attraction of opposite charge.

(v) SO3: Because of equal formal charge distribution throughout the atom, double covalent bonds form in SO3. It is determined by the number of electrons an atom brought – number of lone pair of electrons – half the number of electrons in bond formation.

So, for oxygen, it is 6-6-1 = -1

And for sulfur, it is 6-0-3 = +3.

Now, the formal charge needs to be neutralized to achieve a stable condition, so having +3 at centre and -1 at the ends cannot happen. It is the reason why three double covalent bonds are formed in SO3.

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