Question

explain breifly protonema​

Answer 1

Answer:

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Explanation:

A protonema is a green, branched and multicellular structure formed from the germination of the spore.

The protonema grows in length and the leafy gametophyte which is the dominant phase of the life cycle of the moss grows out of it.

The cells of the protonema are rich in the chlorophyll pigments which carries out the photosynthesis.

The cytokinin hormone is present in abundance in the protonema stage.

Answer 2

Protonema

The first, usually filamentous, structure produced by a germinating moss or fern spore under dark conditions. The protonema of mosses bears buds that develop into the gametophyte plant; in ferns the protonema becomes the prothallus

The protonema, which grows directly from the germinating spore, is in most mosses an extensive, branched system of multicellular filaments that are rich in chlorophyll. This stage initiates the accumulation of hormones that influence the further growth of newly formed cells.

Primary protonema is the basic part of the chain that is formed from the spore. The stem or the primary protonema gives out the several branches or rhizoids and leaves, which are termed as secondary protonema. The secondary protonema is developed into the leafy gametophytes as the part of the vegetative reproduction.

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