Question

explain briefly about the three abiotic components of the biosphere

Answer 1

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♦ The three main components of biosphere are:

1. Hydrosphere

2. Atmosphere

3. Lithosphere.

# Hydrosphere:

♦ It includes water in the oceans, lakes, ponds, etc., and covers about 73% area of the earth’s surface. Water is the major inorganic nutrient needed by all living organisms, hence, water is essential to all life. First life originated in water.

♦ Water continuously circulates between atmosphere and the earth’s surface; this cycle is referred to as the water cycle. The energy for driving the cycle and, thus, ensuring a constant supply of fresh water on land comes from the sun. Solar heat evaporates water from the ocean which is the great reservoir of water.

# Atmosphere:

♦ It is a thick gaseous mantle which envelopes the hydrosphere and earth’s surface, called the air. It supplies oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide and other gases and is subjected to physical cycles by the sun and spin of earth. Cooled polar air sinks, while warm equatorial air rises and the axial rotation of the earth causes to shift air masses laterally resulting into the formation of global air currents.

♦ Out of the various constituents of atmospheric gases, oxygen, nitrogen and carbon dioxide serve as metabolites for living organisms and, hence, they are essentially needed by them for their normal functioning. However, all these undergo characteristic cycles in nature in which organisms play an important role and, hence, their normal percentage atmosphere.

# Lithosphere:

♦ The solid component of earth is called lithosphere. It is multilayered and includes following three main layers: crust, mantle and core (outer and inner). The core is the central fluid or vapourized sphere having diameter of about 2500 km from the centre and is possibly composed of nickel-iron. The mantle extends about 2900 km above the core. This is in a molten state.

♦ The crust is the outermost solid zone of the earth and it is about 8 to 40 km above mantle. The crust is very complex and its surface is covered with the soil supporting rich and varied Cross section of earth showing different layers, biotic communities. The soil provides food, shelter, anchorage and concealment from predators to living organisms.

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Answer 2

In biology and ecology, abiotic components or abiotic factors are non-living chemical and physical parts of the environment that affect living organisms and the functioning of ecosystems. ... All non-living components of an ecosystem, such as atmospheric conditions and water resources, are called abiotic components.